3-Indolepropionic acid

3-indolepropionic acid
Clinical data
Trade names	Oxigon
Other names	Conjugate acid:; • 1H-Indole-3-propanoic acid; • Indole-3-propionic acid; Conjugate base:; • Indole-3-propionate
ATC code	none;
Legal status
Legal status	US: Unscheduled; UN: Unscheduled;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)propanoic acid;
CAS Number	830-96-6 ;
PubChem CID	3744;
IUPHAR/BPS	4709;
ChemSpider	3613 ;
UNII	JF49U1Q7KN;
ChEBI	CHEBI:43580 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7061192 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.011.455
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C11H11NO2
Molar mass	189.214 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	134 to 135 °C (273 to 275 °F)
	SMILES C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CCC(=O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H11NO2/c13-11(14)6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6H2,(H,13,14); Key:GOLXRNDWAUTYKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	(verify)

3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA), or indole-3-propionic acid, has been studied for its therapeutic therapeutic value in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. As of 2022 IPA shows potential in the treatment of this disease, though the therapeutic effect of IPA depends on dose and time of therapy initiation.

Though promising in some historical clinical trials, IPA is not clinically listed as a useful therapeutic in managing Alzheimer's as of 2023.

This compound endogenously produced by human microbiota and has only been detected in vivo when the species Clostridium sporogenes is present in the gastrointestinal tract. As of April 2016, C. sporogenes, which uses tryptophan to synthesize IPA, is the only species of bacteria known to synthesize IPA in vivo at levels which are subsequently detectable in the blood plasma of the host.

IPA is an even more potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals than melatonin, the most potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals that is synthesized by human enzymes. Similar to melatonin but unlike other antioxidants, it scavenges radicals without subsequently generating reactive and pro-oxidant intermediate compounds. In 2017, elevated concentrations of IPA in human blood plasma were found to be correlated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and higher consumption of fiber-rich foods.

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