Insulin-like growth factor 1

IGF1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1B9G, 1GZR, 1GZY, 1GZZ, 1H02, 1H59, 1IMX, 1PMX, 1TGR, 1WQJ, 2DSR, 2GF1, 3GF1, 3LRI, 1BQT, 4XSS
Identifiers
Aliases	IGF1, IGF-I, IGF1A, IGFI, MGF, insulin like growth factor 1, IGF
External IDs	OMIM: 147440 MGI: 96432 HomoloGene: 515 GeneCards: IGF1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	102,481,744 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)
End	87,772,904 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	pericardium; ; gastric mucosa; ; superficial temporal artery; ; seminal vesicula; ; urethra; ; caput epididymis; ; corpus epididymis; ; endometrium; ; lactiferous duct; ; vulva;
	Top expressed in
	stria vascularis; ; internal carotid artery; ; external carotid artery; ; iris; ; left lobe of liver; ; gallbladder; ; white adipose tissue; ; ankle; ; cervix; ; calvaria;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hormone activity; insulin receptor binding; growth factor activity; integrin binding; protein binding; insulin-like growth factor receptor binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; exocytic vesicle; insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex; platelet alpha granule lumen; insulin-like growth factor ternary complex; alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex; plasma membrane; extracellular space;
Biological process	positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding; skeletal system development; positive regulation of glucose import; muscle organ development; positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction; response to heat; positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; DNA replication; positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling; positive regulation of DNA binding; Ras protein signal transduction; cell population proliferation; positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division; positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; cell activation; negative regulation of oocyte development; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; bone mineralization involved in bone maturation; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; proteoglycan biosynthetic process; positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; protein stabilization; myotube cell development; positive regulation of DNA replication; myoblast proliferation; skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration; positive regulation of protein secretion; positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process; regulation of gene expression; phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; muscle hypertrophy; protein kinase B signaling; regulation of multicellular organism growth; positive regulation of cell migration; platelet degranulation; positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling; myoblast differentiation; glycolate metabolic process; positive regulation of glycolytic process; negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process; signal transduction; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; activation of protein kinase B activity; insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; regulation of signaling receptor activity; positive regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of gene expression; cellular response to amyloid-beta; positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation; negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process; negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response; negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3479
	16000
	ENSG00000017427
	ENSMUSG00000020053
	P05019
	P05017
	NM_000618; NM_001111283; NM_001111284; NM_001111285
NM_001111274; NM_001111275; NM_001111276; NM_010512; NM_184052;
	NM_001314010
	NP_000609; NP_001104753; NP_001104754; NP_001104755
	NP_001104744; NP_001104745; NP_001104746; NP_001300939; NP_034642
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin which plays an important role in childhood growth, and has anabolic effects in adults.

In the 1950s IGF-1 was called "sulfation factor" because it stimulated sulfation of cartilage in vitro, and in the 1970s due to its effects it was termed "nonsuppressible insulin-like activity" (NSILA).

IGF-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene. IGF-1 consists of 70 amino acids in a single chain with three intramolecular disulfide bridges. IGF-1 has a molecular weight of 7,649 daltons. In dogs, an ancient mutation in IGF1 is the primary cause of the toy phenotype.

IGF-1 is produced primarily by the liver. Production is stimulated by growth hormone (GH). Most of IGF-1 is bound to one of 6 binding proteins (IGF-BP). IGFBP-1 is regulated by insulin. IGF-1 is produced throughout life; the highest rates of IGF-1 production occur during the pubertal growth spurt. The lowest levels occur in infancy and old age.

A synthetic analog of IGF-1, mecasermin, is used in children for the treatment of growth failure.

Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) is a metabolite of hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). It has a cyclic structure, lipophilic nature, and is enzymatically stable which makes it a more favourable candidate for manipulating the binding-release process between IGF-1 and its binding protein, thereby normalising IGF-1 function.

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