Hydroxylamine
Hydroxylamine (also known as Hydroxyammonia) is an inorganic compound with the formula NH2OH. The material is a white crystalline, hygroscopic compound. Hydroxylamine is almost always provided and used as an aqueous solution. It is consumed almost exclusively to produce Nylon-6. The oxidation of NH3 to hydroxylamine is a step in biological nitrification.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Hydroxylamine (only preselected) | |||
| Other names
Azinous acid Aminol Azanol Hydroxyammonia Hydroxyamine Hydroxyazane Hydroxylazane Nitrinous acid | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 3DMet | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.327 | ||
| EC Number |
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| 478 | |||
| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | Hydroxylamine | ||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| NH2OH | |||
| Molar mass | 33.030 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Vivid white, opaque crystals | ||
| Density | 1.21 g cm−3 (at 20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | 33 °C (91 °F; 306 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K) /22 mm Hg (decomposes) | ||
| Soluble | |||
| log P | −0.758 | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 6.03 ([NH3OH]+) | ||
| Basicity (pKb) | 7.97 | ||
| Structure | |||
| Trigonal at N | |||
| Tetrahedral at N | |||
| 0.67553 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
46.47 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
236.18 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−39.9 kJ/mol | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H200, H290, H302, H312, H315, H317, H318, H335, H351, H373, H400 | |||
| P201, P202, P234, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P362, P363, P372, P373, P380, P390, P391, P401, P403+P233, P404, P405, P501 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 129 °C (264 °F; 402 K) | ||
| 265 °C (509 °F; 538 K) | |||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
408 mg/kg (oral, mouse); 59–70 mg/kg (intraperitoneal mouse, rat); 29 mg/kg (subcutaneous, rat) | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0661 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related hydroxylammonium salts |
Hydroxylammonium chloride Hydroxylammonium nitrate Hydroxylammonium sulfate | ||
Related compounds |
Ammonia | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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