Hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia. Other uses include treatment for cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia. It is given by injection into a muscle or vein.

Hydroxocobalamin
Clinical data
Other namesvitamin B12, vitamin B12a, hydroxycobalamin
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa605007
License data
Routes of
administration		IM, IV
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: OTC (by prescription when injectable), not DEA-controlled
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein bindingVery high (90%)
MetabolismPrimarily liver, cobalamins are absorbed in the ileum and stored in the liver.
Elimination half-life~6 days
Identifiers
  • Coα-[α-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-
    Coβ-hydroxocobamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.033.198
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC62H89CoN13O15P
Molar mass1346.377 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Cc1cc2ncn(c2cc1C)C9OC(CO)C(OP3(=O)OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC5C4=C(C)C8=NC(=CC7=NC(=C(C)C6=NC(C)(C(N4[Co](O)O3)C5(C)CC(N)=O)C(C)(CC(N)=O)C6CCC(N)=O)C(C)(CC(N)=O)C7CCC(N)=O)C(CCC(N)=O)C8(C)C)C9O
  • InChI=1S/C62H90N13O14P.Co.H2O/c1-29-20-40-41(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-40)56-52(84)53(42(27-76)87-56)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)19-15-36-50-32(4)54-58(6,7)34(12-16-43(63)77)38(71-54)22-39-35(13-17-44(64)78)59(8,23-46(66)80)55(72-39)33(5)51-37(14-18-45(65)79)61(10,25-48(68)82)62(11,74-51)57(73-50)60(36,9)24-47(67)81;;/h20-22,28,31,34-37,42,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,23-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;1H2/q;+3;/p-3 Y
  • Key:GTSMWDDKWYUXGH-UHFFFAOYSA-K Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Side effects are generally few. They may include diarrhea, feeling sick, hot flushes, itchiness, low blood potassium, allergic reactions, and high blood pressure. Normal doses are considered safe in pregnancy. No overdosage or toxicity has been reported with this drug. Hydroxocobalamin is the natural form of vitamin B12 and a member of the cobalamin family of compounds. It is found in both raw and cooked beef, together with other cobalamins. Hydroxocobalamin, or another form of vitamin B12, are required for the body to make DNA.

Hydroxocobalamin was first isolated in 1949. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Hydroxocobalamin is available as a generic medication. Commercially it is made using one of a number of types of bacteria.

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