Hydrocodone

Hydrocodone
Clinical data
Trade names	Hysingla ER, Zohydro ER
Other names	Dihydrocodeinone, hydrocodone bitartrate
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601006
License data	US DailyMed: Hydrocodone;
Dependence; liability	High
Routes of; administration	Clinical: by mouth; Others: intranasal, rectal
Drug class	Opioid
ATC code	R05DA03 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled drug); BR: Class A1 (Narcotic drugs); CA: Schedule I; DE: Anlage III (Special prescription form required); NZ: Class B; UK: Class A; US: Schedule II;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	By mouth: 70%
Protein binding	Low
Metabolism	Liver: CYP3A4 (major), CYP2D6 (minor)
Metabolites	• Norhydrocodone; • Hydromorphone; • Others
Onset of action	10–20 minutes
Elimination half-life	Average: 3.8 hours; Range: 3.3–4.4 hours
Duration of action	4–8 hours
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one;
CAS Number	125-29-1 ;
PubChem CID	5284569;
IUPHAR/BPS	7081;
DrugBank	DB00956 ;
ChemSpider	4447623 ;
UNII	6YKS4Y3WQ7;
KEGG	D08045 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:5779 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1457 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8023131 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.304
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H21NO3
Molar mass	299.370 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C4[C@@H]5Oc1c2c(ccc1OC)C[C@H]3N(CC[C@]25[C@H]3CC4)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H21NO3/c1-19-8-7-18-11-4-5-13(20)17(18)22-16-14(21-2)6-3-10(15(16)18)9-12(11)19/h3,6,11-12,17H,4-5,7-9H2,1-2H3/t11-,12+,17-,18-/m0/s1 ; Key:LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N ;
	(verify)

Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semisynthetic opioid used to treat pain and as a cough suppressant. It is taken by mouth. Typically it is dispensed as the combination acetaminophen/hydrocodone or ibuprofen/hydrocodone for pain severe enough to require an opioid and in combination with homatropine methylbromide to relieve cough. It is also available by itself in a long-acting form under the brand name Zohydro ER, among others, to treat severe pain of a prolonged duration. Hydrocodone is a controlled drug: in the United States a Schedule II Controlled Substance.

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