Hierarchical File System (Apple)
Hierarchical File System (HFS) is a proprietary file system developed by Apple Inc. for use in computer systems running Mac OS. Originally designed for use on floppy and hard disks, it can also be found on read-only media such as CD-ROMs. HFS is also referred to as Mac OS Standard (or HFS Standard), while its successor, HFS Plus, is also called Mac OS Extended (or HFS Extended).
| Developer(s) | Apple Computer |
|---|---|
| Full name | Hierarchical File System |
| Introduced | September 17, 1985 with System 2.1 |
| Preceded by | MFS |
| Succeeded by | HFS Plus |
| Partition IDs | Apple_HFS (Apple Partition Map)0xAF (MBR) HFS and HFS+ |
| Structures | |
| Directory contents | B-tree |
| File allocation | Bitmap |
| Bad blocks | B-tree |
| Limits | |
| Max volume size | 2 TB (2 × 10244 bytes) |
| Max file size | 2 GB (2 × 10243 bytes) |
| Max no. of files | 65535 |
| Max filename length | 31 characters |
| Allowed filename characters | All 8-bit values except :. Discouraged null and non-printing characters. |
| Features | |
| Dates recorded | Creation, modification, backup |
| Date range | January 1, 1904 – February 6, 2040 |
| Date resolution | 1s |
| Forks | Only 2 (data and resource) |
| Attributes | Color (3 bits, all other flags 1 bit), locked, custom icon, bundle, invisible, alias, system, stationery, inited, no INIT resources, shared, desktop |
| File system permissions | AppleShare |
| Transparent compression | Yes (third-party); Stacker, AutoDoubler, TimesTwo, Now Compress, StuffIt SpaceSaver, Alysis Software products (SuperDisk!, More Disk Space, The Alysis Disk Expander and eDisk), AutoSqueeze |
| Transparent encryption | No |
| Other | |
| Supported operating systems | Classic Mac OS, macOS, GS/OS, Linux, Microsoft Windows (through MacDrive or Boot CampIFS drivers) |
With the introduction of Mac OS X 10.6, Apple dropped support for formatting or writing HFS disks and images, which remained supported as read-only volumes until macOS 10.15. Starting with macOS 10.15, HFS disks can no longer be read.
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