Gustducin

Gustducin is a G protein associated with taste and the gustatory system, found in some taste receptor cells. Research on the discovery and isolation of gustducin is recent. It is known to play a large role in the transduction of bitter, sweet and umami stimuli. Its pathways (especially for detecting bitter stimuli) are many and diverse.

guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 3
Localization of G14 and G-gustducin in type II taste cells. TrpM5 is a cation channel of the TRP superfamily that is highly expressed in taste buds of the tongue. In vallate and foliate taste buds of transgenic mice expressing TrpM5-GFP (green), two G-protein alpha subunits, G14 (red) and G-gustducin (blue), exist within the population of type II taste cells that express TrpM5. The red G14 staining that is present in sweet-sensitive taste cells outlines the reactive cells, showing that it is membrane-associated
Identifiers
SymbolGNAT3
NCBI gene346562
HGNC22800
OMIM139395
RefSeqXM_294370
UniProtA4D1B2
Other data
LocusChr. 7 q21.11
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DomainsInterPro
guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1
Identifiers
SymbolGNB1
NCBI gene2782
HGNC4396
OMIM139380
RefSeqNM_002074
UniProtP62873
Other data
LocusChr. 1 p36.33
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guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 13
Identifiers
SymbolGNG13
NCBI gene51764
HGNC14131
OMIM607298
RefSeqNM_016541
UniProtQ9P2W3
Other data
LocusChr. 16 p13.3
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DomainsInterPro

An intriguing feature of gustducin is its similarity to transducin. These two G proteins have been shown to be structurally and functionally similar, leading researchers to believe that the sense of taste evolved in a similar fashion to the sense of sight.

Gustducin is a heterotrimeric protein composed of the products of the GNAT3 (α-subunit), GNB1 (β-subunit) and GNG13 (γ-subunit).

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