Mamushi

Gloydius blomhoffii, commonly known as the mamushi, Japanese moccasin, Japanese pit viper, Qichun snake, Salmusa or Japanese mamushi, is a venomous pit viper species found in Japan. It was once considered to have 4 subspecies, but it is now considered monotypic.

Mamushi
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Genus: Gloydius
Species:
G. blomhoffii
Binomial name
Gloydius blomhoffii
(H. Boie, 1826)
Synonyms
  • Trigonocephalus Blomhoffii
    H. Boie, 1826
  • Trigonocephalus [(Halys)] affinis
    Gray, 1849
  • Trigonocephalus [(Halys)] Blomhoffii
    — Gray, 1849
  • T[rigonocephalus]. Blomhoffii var. megaspilus
    Cope, 1860
  • Halys blomhoffii
    — W. Peters, 1862
  • T[rigonocephalus]. blomhoffii
    — Jan, 1963
  • Ancistrodon blomhoffii
    — Boulenger, 1896
  • Agkistrodon blomhoffii ? affinis
    — Stejneger, 1907
  • Ancistrodon halys blomhoffii
    — Ross Smith, 2019
  • Agkistrodon blomhoffii blomhoffii
    — Sternfeld, 1916
  • A[ncistrodon]. blomhoffii blomhoffii
    — F. Werner, 1922
  • Agkistrodon blomhoffii affinis
    — F. Werner, 1922
  • Ankistrodon halys blomhoffii
    — Pavloff, 1926
  • Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii
    — Mell, 1929
  • Agkistrodon halys affinis
    — Mell, 1929
  • Gloydius blomhoffii blomhoffii
    — Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
  • Agkistrodon affinis
    — Gloyd & Conant, 1990

This species, along with the yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus) and the Okinawan habu (Protobothrops flavoviridis), are the most venomous snakes in Japan. Every year, 2000–3000 people in Japan are bitten by a mamushi. Bitten victims typically require one week of treatment in a hospital. Severe bites require intensive care, and approximately 10 victims die annually.

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