Gilbert Ryle

Major

Gilbert Ryle
Major; Gilbert Ryle
	Portrait by Rex Whistler
Born	19 August 1900; Brighton, England
Died	6 October 1976 (aged 76); Whitby, England
Alma mater	The Queen's College, Oxford
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Analytic philosophy; logical behaviourism;
Doctoral students	Daniel Dennett; Colin Radford;
Other notable students	A. J. Ayer; G. A. Cohen; Antony Flew; Þorsteinn Gylfason; Bernard Williams;
Main interests	Philosophy of language; ordinary language philosophy; philosophy of mind; behaviourism; meaning; cognition;
Notable ideas	Category mistake; Ryle's regress; ordinary language philosophy; ghost in the machine; thick description vs thin description; knowing-how vs. knowing-that; topic neutrality;

Gilbert Ryle (19 August 1900 – 6 October 1976) was a British philosopher, principally known for his critique of Cartesian dualism, for which he coined the phrase "ghost in the machine." He was a representative of the generation of British ordinary language philosophers who shared Ludwig Wittgenstein's approach to philosophical problems.

Some of Ryle's ideas in philosophy of mind have been called behaviourist. In his best-known book, The Concept of Mind (1949), he writes that the "general trend of this book will undoubtedly, and harmlessly, be stigmatised as 'behaviourist'." Having studied the philosophers Bernard Bolzano, Franz Brentano, Alexius Meinong, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger, Ryle suggested that the book instead "could be described as a sustained essay in phenomenology, if you are at home with that label."

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