Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province in Canada. The Strait of Belle Isle separates the province into two geographical regions, Labrador and the island of Newfoundland. The province also includes over seven thousand small islands.
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| Country | Canada | |
| Geographic coordinates | 51°00′N 57°00′W | |
| Area - Total - Water |
Ranked 7th 405,720 km2 31,240 km2 (7.7%) | |
| Coastline | 17,542 km (10,900 mi) | |
| Land borders | Quebec Nunavut (Killiniq Island) | |
| Maritime Borders | Nunavut Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island Saint Pierre and Miquelon | |
| Highest point | Mount Caubvick, 1,652 m (5,420 ft) | |
| Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean, 0 m | |
| Longest river | Churchill River 856 km (532 mi) | |
| Largest inland body of water | Smallwood Reservoir 31,153 km2 (12,028 sq mi) | |
| Climate: | Temperate to arctic | |
| Terrain: | mountains, subarctic, arctic | |
| Natural resources | iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, silver, fish, timber, petroleum, hydropower | |
Labrador is the easternmost part of the Canadian Shield, a vast area of ancient metamorphic rock comprising much of northeastern North America. Colliding tectonic plates have shaped much of the geology of Newfoundland. Gros Morne National Park has a reputation of being an outstanding example of tectonics at work, and as such has been designated a World Heritage Site. The Long Range Mountains on Newfoundland's west coast are the northeasternmost extension of the Appalachian Mountains.
The fauna of Labrador is typical of that of similar areas of North America while the island of Newfoundland has considerably fewer mammals and no native amphibians.
The north–south extent of the province (46°36'N to 60°22'N), prevalent westerly winds, cold ocean currents and local factors such as mountains and coastline combine to create the various climates of the province. Northern Labrador is classified as a polar tundra climate, southern Labrador is considered to be a subarctic climate while most of Newfoundland would be considered to be a cool summer subtype of a humid continental climate.
The provincial capital is St. John's, located at the extreme eastern edge of the island, Newfoundland, on the Avalon Peninsula. About half of the province's economy is based on its abundant natural resources, notably petroleum, minerals, forestry and the fishery.