Finasteride

Finasteride
Clinical data
Trade names	Proscar, Propecia, Finide, others
Other names	MK-906; YM-152; L-652,931; 17β-(N-tert-Butylcarbamoyl)-4-aza-5α-androst-1-en-3-one; N-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-oxo-4-aza-5α-androst-1-ene-17β-carboxamide
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a698016
License data	US DailyMed: Finasteride;
Pregnancy; category	AU: X (High risk);
Routes of; administration	By mouth
Drug class	5α-Reductase inhibitor
ATC code	G04CB01 (WHO) D11AX10 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); CA: ℞-only; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	65%
Protein binding	90%
Metabolism	Liver (CYP3A4, ALDH)
Elimination half-life	Adults: 5–6 hours; Elderly: >8 hours
Excretion	Feces: 57%; Urine: 40%
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (1S,3aS,3bS,5aR,9aR,9bS,11aS)-N-tert-butyl-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,3a,3b,4,5,5a,6,9b,10,11-dodecahydroindeno[5,4-f]quinoline-1-carboxamide;
CAS Number	98319-26-7 ;
PubChem CID	57363;
IUPHAR/BPS	6818;
DrugBank	DB01216 ;
ChemSpider	51714 ;
UNII	57GNO57U7G;
KEGG	D00321 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:5062 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL710 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3020625 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.149.445
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H36N2O2
Molar mass	372.553 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C(NC(C)(C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC2)CC[C@H]4NC(=O)\C=C/[C@]34C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C23H36N2O2/c1-21(2,3)25-20(27)17-8-7-15-14-6-9-18-23(5,13-11-19(26)24-18)16(14)10-12-22(15,17)4/h11,13-18H,6-10,12H2,1-5H3,(H,24,26)(H,25,27)/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18+,22-,23+/m0/s1 ; Key:DBEPLOCGEIEOCV-WSBQPABSSA-N ;
	(verify)

Finasteride, sold under the brand names Proscar and Propecia among others, is a medication used to treat pattern hair loss and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men. It can also be used to treat excessive hair growth in women. It is usually taken orally but there are topical formulations for patients with hair loss, designed to minimize systemic exposure by acting specifically on hair follicles.

Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor and therefore an antiandrogen. It works by decreasing the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by about 70%.

In addition to DHT, finasteride also inhibits the production of several anticonvulsant neurosteroids including allopregnanolone, androstanediol, and THDOC.

Adverse effects from finasteride are rare; however, some men experience sexual dysfunction, depression, and breast enlargement. In some men, sexual dysfunction may persist after stopping the medication. It may also hide the early symptoms of certain forms of prostate cancer.

Finasteride was patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1992. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 88th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.

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