Ethanethiol
Ethanethiol, commonly known as ethyl mercaptan, is an organosulfur compound with the formula CH3CH2SH. is a colorless liquid with a distinct odor. Abbreviated EtSH, it consists of an ethyl group (Et), CH3CH2, attached to a thiol group, SH. Its structure parallels that of ethanol, but with sulfur in place of oxygen. The odor of EtSH is infamous. Ethanethiol is more volatile than ethanol due to a diminished ability to engage in hydrogen bonding. Ethanethiol is toxic in high concentrations. It occurs naturally as a minor component of petroleum, and may be added to otherwise odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to help warn of gas leaks. At these concentrations, ethanethiol is not harmful.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Ethanethiol | |
| Other names
Ethyl mercaptan Mercaptoethane Ethyl sulfhydrate | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.762 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 2363 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C2H6S | |
| Molar mass | 62.13404 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Rotten cabbage, flatulence, skunk-like |
| Density | 0.8617 g·cm−3 |
| Melting point | −148 °C (−234 °F; 125 K) |
| Boiling point | 35 °C (95 °F; 308 K) |
| 0.7% (20 °C) | |
| Vapor pressure | 442 mmHg (20 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.6 |
| −47.0×10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Nauseating |
| GHS labelling: | |
| Danger | |
| H225, H332, H410 | |
| P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | −48 °C; −55 °F; 225 K |
| Explosive limits | 2.8–18.0% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
682 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
LC50 (median concentration) |
4410 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 2770 (mouse, 4 hr) |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
C 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) |
REL (Recommended) |
C 0.5 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) [15-minute] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
500 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds |
Methanethiol Butanethiol Ethanol thiophenol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
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