Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
Of the many eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, a major stratovolcano in southern Italy, the best-known (including in European history) is its eruption in 79 AD, which was one of the deadliest.
| Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD | |
|---|---|
| Volcano | Mount Vesuvius |
| Date | c. October, 79 AD |
| Type | Plinian, Peléan |
| Location | Campania, Italy 40°49′N 14°26′E |
| VEI | 5 |
| Impact | Buried the Roman settlements of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis, and Stabiae. |
| Deaths | 1,500–3,500, possibly up to 16,000 |
In autumn of 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius violently spewed forth a cloud of super-heated tephra and gases to a height of 33 km (21 mi), ejecting molten rock, pulverized pumice and hot ash at 1.5 million tons per second, ultimately releasing 100,000 times the thermal energy of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The event gives its name to the Vesuvian type of volcanic eruption, characterised by columns of hot gases and ash reaching the stratosphere, although the event also included pyroclastic flows associated with Pelean eruptions.
The event destroyed several Roman towns and settlements in the area. Pompeii and Herculaneum, obliterated and buried underneath massive pyroclastic surges and ashfall deposits, are the most famous examples. Archaeological excavations have revealed much of the towns and the lives of the inhabitants leading to the area becoming the Vesuvius National Park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The total population of both cities was over 20,000. The remains of over 1,500 people have been found at Pompeii and Herculaneum so far, although the total death toll from the eruption remains unknown.