Cisuralian
The Cisuralian is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 272.3 ± 0.5 Ma.
| Cisuralian | |||||||||||||
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The world at the start of the Cisuralian | |||||||||||||
| Chronology | |||||||||||||
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| Etymology | |||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Synonym(s) | Early/Lower Permian | ||||||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Epoch | ||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Series | ||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | FAD of the conodont Streptognathodus isolatus within the morphotype Streptognathodus wabaunsensis chronocline | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Aidaralash, Ural Mountains, Kazakhstan 50.2458°N 57.8914°E | ||||||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | 1996 | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | FAD of the Conodont Jinogondolella nanginkensis | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP | Stratotype Canyon, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, United States 31.8767°N 104.8768°W | ||||||||||||
| Upper GSSP ratified | 2001 | ||||||||||||
In the regional stratigraphy of southwestern North America, the Cisuralian encompasses two series: the Wolfcampian (Asselian to mid-Artinskian) and Leonardian (mid-Artinskian to Kungurian).
The series saw the appearance of beetles and flies and was a relatively stable warming period of about 21 million years.
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