Congenital dermal sinus

Congenital dermal sinus is an uncommon form of cranial or spinal dysraphism. It occurs in 1 in 2500 live births. It occurs as a dermal indentation, found along the midline of the neuraxis and often presents alongside infection and neurological deficit. Congenital dermal sinus form due to a focal failure of dysjunction between the cutaneous ectoderm and neuroectoderm during the third to eight week of gestation. Typically observed in the lumbar and lumbosacral region, congenital dermal sinus can occur from the nasion and occiput region down.

Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for cases of congenital dermal sinus. It ensures that neurological condition does not degrade and prevents infection. Diagnosis can be confirmed through the use of advanced neuroimaging to observe the tract and associated lesions.