Mannitol

Mannitol
Clinical data
Trade names	Osmitrol, Bronchitol, others
Other names	d-Mannitol, mannite, manna sugar
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	EU EMA: by INN; US DailyMed: Mannitol;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B2;
Routes of; administration	Intravenous, By mouth
ATC code	A06AD16 (WHO) B05BC01 (WHO) B05CX04 (WHO) R05CB16 (WHO) V04CX04 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	CA: ℞-only; US: WARNINGRx-only; EU: Rx-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	~7%
Metabolism	Liver, negligible
Elimination half-life	100 minutes
Excretion	Kidney: 90%
Identifiers
	IUPAC name D-Mannitol; (2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;
CAS Number	69-65-8 ;
PubChem CID	6251;
DrugBank	DB00742 ;
ChemSpider	6015 ;
UNII	3OWL53L36A;
KEGG	D00062 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:16899 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL689 ;
E number	E421 (thickeners, ...)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1023235 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.647
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H14O6
Molar mass	182.172 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O[C@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1 ; Key:FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N ;
	(verify)

Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication. It is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines. As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure. Medically, it is given by injection or inhalation. Effects typically begin within 15 minutes and last up to 8 hours.

Common side effects from medical use include electrolyte problems and dehydration. Other serious side effects may include worsening heart failure and kidney problems. It is unclear if use is safe in pregnancy. Mannitol is in the osmotic diuretic family of medications and works by pulling fluid from the brain and eyes.

The discovery of mannitol is attributed to Joseph Louis Proust in 1806. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was originally made from the flowering ash and called manna due to its supposed resemblance to the Biblical food. Mannitol is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.