Phenylpiracetam

Phenylpiracetam
Clinical data
Trade names	Phenotropil; Carphedon
Pregnancy; category	Unknown;
Routes of; administration	Oral (tablets)
ATC code	None;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); US: Unapproved "New Drug" (as defined by 21 U.S. Code § 321(p)(1)). Use in dietary supplements, food, or medicine is unlawful; otherwise uncontrolled.; RU: Rx-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	~100%
Metabolism	None
Onset of action	20-40 minutes
Elimination half-life	3–5 hours
Excretion	Urine (~40%), bile and perspiration (~60%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (R,S)-2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide;
CAS Number	77472-70-9 ;
PubChem CID	132441;
ChemSpider	116950 ;
UNII	99QW5JU66Y;
ECHA InfoCard	100.214.874
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C12H14N2O2
Molar mass	218.256 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Chirality	Racemic mixture
Boiling point	486.4 °C (907.5 °F)
	SMILES C1=CC=CC=C1C2CN(C(C2)=O)CC(=O)N;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H14N2O2/c13-11(15)8-14-7-10(6-12(14)16)9-4-2-1-3-5-9/h1-5,10H,6-8H2,(H2,13,15) ; Key:LYONXVJRBWWGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Phenylpiracetam (INN: fonturacetam, brand names Phenotropil Фенотропил, Carphedon), is a phenylated analog of the drug piracetam. It was developed in 1983 as a medication for Soviet Cosmonauts to treat the prolonged stresses of working in space. Phenylpiracetam was created at the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biomedical Problems in an effort led by psychopharmacologist Valentina Ivanovna Akhapkina (Валентина Ивановна Ахапкина). In Russia it is now available as a prescription drug. Research on animals has indicated that phenylpiracetam may have anti-amnesic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and memory enhancement effects.

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