Umayyad campaigns in India
In the first half of the 8th century CE, a series of battles took place in the Indian subcontinent between armies of the Umayyad Caliphate and Indian kingdoms situated to the east of the Indus river, as subsequent to the Arab conquest of Sindh in present-day Pakistan in 711 CE, Arab armies engaged kingdoms further east of the Indus. Between 724 and 810 CE, a series of battles took place between the Arabs and Nagabhata I of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, Vikramaditya II of the Chalukya dynasty, and other small Indian kingdoms. In the north, Nagabhata of the Pratihara Dynasty defeated a major Arab expedition in Malwa. From the South, Vikramaditya II sent his general Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin, who defeated the Arabs in Gujarat. Later in 776 CE, a naval expedition by the Arabs was defeated by the Saindhava naval fleet under Agguka I.
| Umayyad campaigns in India | |||||||||
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| Part of Early Muslim conquests and Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent | |||||||||
Sindh and neighbouring kingdoms in 700 AD | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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Karkota Dynasty Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty Mori Kingdom Guhila dynasty Chalukya dynasty Maitraka dynasty | |||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Lalitaditya Muktapida Nagabhata I Bappa Rawal Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin |
Muhammad bin Qasim Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi Al Hakam ibn Awana † | ||||||||
The Arab defeats led to an end of their eastward expansion in India, and later manifested in the overthrow of Arab rulers in Sindh itself and the establishment of indigenous Muslim dynasties (Soomras and Sammas) there.