CZTS
Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) is a quaternary semiconducting compound which has received increasing interest since the late 2000s for applications in thin film solar cells. The class of related materials includes other I2-II-IV-VI4 such as copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe) and the sulfur-selenium alloy CZTSSe. CZTS offers favorable optical and electronic properties similar to CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide), making it well suited for use as a thin-film solar cell absorber layer, but unlike CIGS (or other thin films such as CdTe), CZTS is composed of only abundant and non-toxic elements. Concerns with the price and availability of indium in CIGS and tellurium in CdTe, as well as toxicity of cadmium have been a large motivator to search for alternative thin film solar cell materials. The power conversion efficiency of CZTS is still considerably lower than CIGS and CdTe, with laboratory cell records of 11.0 % for CZTS and 12.6 % for CZTSSe as of 2019.
CZTS crystal structure. Orange: Cu, grey: Zn/Fe, blue: Sn, yellow: S. | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names
copper zinc tin sulfide | |
| Identifiers | |
| Properties | |
| Cu2ZnSnS4 | |
| Molar mass | 439.471 g/mol |
| Appearance | Greenish black crystals |
| Density | 4.56 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 990 °C (1,810 °F; 1,260 K) |
| Band gap | 1.4–1.5 eV |
| Structure | |
| Tetragonal | |
a = 0.5435 nm, c = 1.0843 nm, Z = 2 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |