Autoimmune encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a type of encephalitis, and one of the most common causes of noninfectious encephalitis. It can be triggered by tumors, infections, or it may be cryptogenic. The neurological manifestations can be either acute or subacute and usually develop within six weeks. The clinical manifestations include behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, autonomic disturbances, movement disorders, and seizures.
| Autoimmune encephalitis | |
|---|---|
| Brain CT scan without contrast enhancement of a patient, female, 8 years old, with Rasmussen's encephalitis. |
Autoimmune encephalitis can result from a number of autoimmune diseases including:
- Rasmussen encephalitis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Behçet's disease
- Hashimoto's encephalopathy
- Autoimmune limbic encephalitis
- Sydenham's chorea
The severity of the condition can be monitored using the Modified Rankin Scale and the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) score.
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