Kingdom of Pergamon

The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor from its capital city of Pergamon. It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

Kingdom of Pergamon
approx. 282 BC–129 BC
Coat of arms
Pergamon in 188 BC
CapitalPergamon
(modern-day Bergama, İzmir, Turkey)
Common languagesGreek
Lycian, Carian, Lydian
Religion
Greek Polytheism, Hellenistic Religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Basileus 
• 282–263 BC
Philetaerus
• 263–241 BC
Eumenes I
• 241–197 BC
Attalus I
• 197–159 BC
Eumenes II
• 160–138 BC
Attalus II
• 138–133 BC
Attalus III
• 133–129 BC
Eumenes III
Historical eraHellenistic period
• Philetaerus takes control of the city of Pergamon
approx. 282 BC
• Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic
133 BC
• Incorporated into Roman province of Asia after the defeat of Eumenes III Aristonicus
129 BC
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Seleucid Empire
Lysimachian Empire
Roman Republic

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great. Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and took the city of Pergamon and its environs with him; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC. The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent. It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants. It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.

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