Arthur Samuel (computer scientist)

Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 – July 29, 1990) was an American pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence. He popularized the term "machine learning" in 1959. The Samuel Checkers-playing Program was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of the fundamental concept of artificial intelligence (AI). He was also a senior member in the TeX community who devoted much time giving personal attention to the needs of users and wrote an early TeX manual in 1983.

For the British politician, see Arthur Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft.
Arthur Lee Samuel
Born(1901-12-05)December 5, 1901
Emporia, Kansas
DiedJuly 29, 1990(1990-07-29) (aged 88)
Stanford, California
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materMIT (Master 1926)
College of Emporia (1923)
Known forSamuel Checkers-playing Program
Alpha–beta pruning (an early implementation)
Pioneer in Machine Learning
TeX project (with Donald Knuth)
AwardsComputer Pioneer Award (1987)
Scientific career
FieldsComputer Science
InstitutionsBell Laboratories (1928)
University of Illinois (1946)
IBM Poughkeepsie Laboratory (1949)
Stanford University (1966)
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