ArkTS
ArkTS is a high-level general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Huawei which is a superset of open-source TypeScript, in turn a superset of JavaScript formerly used in July 2022 HarmonyOS 3.0 version, alongside it's evolved percussor, extended TypeScript (eTS) built for HarmonyOS development as a shift towards Declarative programming. ArkTS compiles to machine code via it's Ahead-of-time compilation Ark Compiler. ArkTS was first released in December 2021 on OpenHarmony, and the ArkTS toolchain has shipped in DevEco Studio since version 3.1, released in 2022. Since, OpenHarmony 4.0 release on October 26, 2023, ArkTS APIs has been added to the open source community to contribute.
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: functional, generic, imperative, object-oriented |
|---|---|
| Developer | Huawei and OpenAtom Foundation open-source contributors |
| First appeared | December 31, 2021 |
| Typing discipline | Duck, gradual, structural |
| OS | HarmonyOS, OpenHarmony, macOS, Windows, Android, iOS |
| License | Apache License Proprietary (up to HarmonyOS 3.1) |
| Filename extensions | .ets, .ts |
| Website | |
| Influenced by | |
| TypeScript, Swift, Objective-C, JavaScript, C#, F#, Java, ActionScript, AtScript, AssemblyScript | |
| Influenced | |
| Cangjie | |
Huawei intended ArkTS to support many core concepts associated with extended TypeScript (eTS) based on TypeScript and in turn JavaScript from previous versions of HarmonyOS 3.0 with ArkUI declarative UI app development and 2.0 imperative app development alongside Java. ArkTS was introduced at Huawei's Developer Conference (HDC) 2022 in November 2022 on HarmonyOS 3.1 release.
It underwent an upgrade in HDC 2023 with HarmonyOS 4.0 API 10 and a major upgrade at January 18, 2024 HarmonyOS Ecology Developer Conference alongside, new Cangjie programming language announced by Huawei where both programming languages become the primary languages for HarmonyOS NEXT system of HarmonyOS operating system.
The current version of ArkTS, was released on October 26, 2023, for open source OpenHarmony 4.0 API 10 with new ArkTS APIs via DevEco Studio 4.0 Canary build after HarmonyOS 4.0 release on August 4, 2023. Following current stable release, a preview released in January 2024, with OpenHarmony 4.1 Beta 1 API 11.