Apolipoprotein E

APOE
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1B68, 1BZ4, 1EA8, 1GS9, 1H7I, 1LE2, 1LE4, 1LPE, 1NFN, 1NFO, 1OEF, 1OEG, 1OR2, 1OR3, 2KC3, 2KNY, 2L7B
Identifiers
Aliases	APOE, AD2, APO-E, LDLCQ5, LPG, apolipoprotein E, ApoE4
External IDs	OMIM: 107741 MGI: 88057 HomoloGene: 30951 GeneCards: APOE
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	44,909,393 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	19,433,113 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	left adrenal gland; ; right lobe of liver; ; nucleus accumbens; ; amygdala; ; hypothalamus; ; caudate nucleus; ; putamen; ; spinal ganglia; ; external globus pallidus; ; kidney;
	Top expressed in
	entorhinal cortex; ; left lobe of liver; ; yolk sac; ; gallbladder; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; lip; ; median eminence; ; arcuate nucleus; ; optic nerve; ; globus pallidus;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	heparin binding; very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding; low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding; lipoprotein particle binding; phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity; phospholipid binding; cholesterol transfer activity; protein homodimerization activity; amyloid-beta binding; protein binding; tau protein binding; metal chelating activity; lipid transporter activity; cholesterol binding; antioxidant activity; identical protein binding; lipid binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; membrane; chylomicron; extracellular region; nucleus; extracellular vesicle; endocytic vesicle lumen; very-low-density lipoprotein particle; extracellular fluid; endoplasmic reticulum; extracellular exosome; Golgi apparatus; blood microparticle; extracellular matrix; plasma membrane; neuronal cell body; early endosome; low-density lipoprotein particle; dendrite; high-density lipoprotein particle; intermediate-density lipoprotein particle;
Biological process	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; response to dietary excess; negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier; lipid transport; positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; regulation of axon extension; positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization; positive regulation of cholesterol esterification; phospholipid efflux; cholesterol catabolic process; positive regulation of dendritic spine development; receptor-mediated endocytosis; retinoid metabolic process; positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation; lipid homeostasis; lipoprotein biosynthetic process; cholesterol homeostasis; negative regulation of inflammatory response; triglyceride metabolic process; negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance; negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; NMDA glutamate receptor clustering; response to reactive oxygen species; negative regulation of blood coagulation; response to oxidative stress; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; negative regulation of phospholipid efflux; positive regulation of cholesterol efflux; negative regulation of MAP kinase activity; artery morphogenesis; very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity; negative regulation of dendritic spine development; negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process; positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance; positive regulation of phospholipid efflux; negative regulation of presynaptic membrane organization; negative regulation of neuron death; high-density lipoprotein particle clearance; long-chain fatty acid transport; lipoprotein metabolic process; regulation of tau-protein kinase activity; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; chylomicron remnant clearance; cellular calcium ion homeostasis; cholesterol metabolic process; very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance; virion assembly; negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; cGMP-mediated signaling; triglyceride catabolic process; positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization; positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly; AMPA glutamate receptor clustering; positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process; positive regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier; fatty acid homeostasis; nitric oxide mediated signal transduction; transport; cholesterol efflux; regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of cholesterol efflux; regulation of amyloid-beta clearance; neuron projection regeneration; negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization; steroid metabolic process; regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction; lipid metabolism; negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation; positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis; vasodilation; intracellular transport; synaptic transmission, cholinergic; positive regulation of neuron death; high-density lipoprotein particle assembly; protein import; high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; maintenance of location in cell; negative regulation of platelet activation; low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; positive regulation by host of viral process; cytoskeleton organization; regulation of neuron death; reverse cholesterol transport; lipoprotein catabolic process; triglyceride homeostasis; cellular oxidant detoxification; lipid transport involved in lipid storage;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	348
	11816
	ENSG00000130203
	ENSMUSG00000002985
	P02649
	P08226
	NM_001302691; NM_000041; NM_001302688; NM_001302689; NM_001302690
	NM_009696; NM_001305819; NM_001305843; NM_001305844
	NP_000032; NP_001289617; NP_001289618; NP_001289619; NP_001289620
	NP_001292748; NP_001292772; NP_001292773; NP_033826
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) is a protein involved in the metabolism of fats in the body of mammals. A subtype is implicated in the Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. It is encoded in humans by the gene APOE.

Apo-E belongs to a family of fat-binding proteins called apolipoproteins. In the circulation, it is present as part of several classes of lipoprotein particles, including chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, and some HDL. APOE interacts significantly with the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is essential for the normal processing (catabolism) of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In peripheral tissues, APOE is primarily produced by the liver and macrophages, and mediates cholesterol metabolism. In the central nervous system, Apo-E is mainly produced by astrocytes and transports cholesterol to neurons via APOE receptors, which are members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. Apo-E is the principal cholesterol carrier in the brain. APOE qualifies as a checkpoint inhibitor of the classical complement pathway by complex formation with activated C1q.

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