Anorectal varices
Anorectal varices are the dilation of collateral submucosal vessels due to backflow in the veins of the rectum. Typically this occurs due to portal hypertension which shunts venous blood from the portal system through the portosystemic anastomosis present at this site into the systemic venous system. This can also occur in the esophagus, causing esophageal varices, and at the level of the umbilicus, causing caput medusae. Between 44% and 78% of patients with portal hypertension get anorectal varices.
| Anorectal varices | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Gastroenterology, Hematology |
| Symptoms | Coffee ground vomiting, Hematochezia |
| Complications | Internal bleeding, hypovolemic shock, cardiac arrest |
| Causes | Portal hypertension |
| Treatment | Treating portal hypertension, surgery (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) |
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