Amyloid-beta precursor protein

APP
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1AAP, 1AMB, 1AMC, 1AML, 1BA4, 1BA6, 1BJB, 1BJC, 1BRC, 1CA0, 1HZ3, 1IYT, 1MWP, 1OWT, 1QCM, 1QWP, 1QXC, 1QYT, 1TAW, 1TKN, 1X11, 1Z0Q, 1ZJD, 2BEG, 2BP4, 2FJZ, 2FK1, 2FK2, 2FK3, 2FKL, 2FMA, 2G47, 2IPU, 2LFM, 2LLM, 2LMN, 2LMO, 2LMP, 2LMQ, 2LOH, 2LP1, 2OTK, 2R0W, 2WK3, 2Y29, 2Y2A, 2Y3J, 2Y3K, 2Y3L, 3AYU, 3DXC, 3DXD, 3DXE, 3GCI, 3IFL, 3IFN, 3IFO, 3IFP, 3JTI, 3KTM, 3L33, 3L81, 3MOQ, 3NYL, 3SV1, 3U0T, 3UMH, 3UMI, 3UMK, 4HIX, 1ZE7, 1ZE9, 2LNQ, 2LZ3, 2LZ4, 2M4J, 2M9R, 2M9S, 2MGT, 2MJ1, 2MPZ, 2MVX, 2MXU, 3BAE, 3BKJ, 3JQ5, 3JQL, 3MXC, 3NYJ, 3OVJ, 3OW9, 4JFN, 4M1C, 4MDR, 4NGE, 4OJF, 4ONF, 4ONG, 4PQD, 4PWQ, 4MVI, 4MVK, 4MVL, 4XXD, 5CSZ, 5AMB, 5AEF, 5AM8, 5BUO, 5HOY, 5HOW, 5HOX, 5KK3, 5C67, 2NAO
Identifiers
Aliases	APP, AAA, ABETA, ABPP, AD1, APPI, CTFgamma, CVAP, PN-II, PN2, amyloid beta precursor protein, preA4, alpha-sAPP
External IDs	OMIM: 104760 MGI: 88059 HomoloGene: 56379 GeneCards: APP
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 21 (human)
End	26,171,128 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	84,970,654 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	prefrontal cortex; ; Brodmann area 9; ; renal medulla; ; internal globus pallidus; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; islet of Langerhans; ; nucleus accumbens; ; Brodmann area 23; ; putamen; ; gallbladder;
	Top expressed in
	ciliary body; ; entorhinal cortex; ; iris; ; cingulate gyrus; ; amygdala; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; nucleus accumbens; ; primary motor cortex; ; calvaria; ; left lung lobe;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	heparin binding; signaling receptor binding; acetylcholine receptor binding; metal ion binding; enzyme binding; peptidase activator activity; peptidase inhibitor activity; protein binding; DNA binding; growth factor receptor binding; PTB domain binding; serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity; identical protein binding; transition metal ion binding; signaling receptor activator activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; endosome; cytosol; trans-Golgi network membrane; membrane; cell-cell junction; synapse; extracellular region; ciliary rootlet; spindle midzone; neuron projection; rough endoplasmic reticulum; dendritic spine; endosome lumen; dendritic shaft; cell surface; terminal bouton; membrane raft; extracellular exosome; integral component of membrane; Golgi apparatus; growth cone; neuromuscular junction; receptor complex; plasma membrane; apical part of cell; astrocyte projection; growth cone lamellipodium; axon; nuclear envelope lumen; clathrin-coated pit; platelet alpha granule lumen; integral component of plasma membrane; main axon; smooth endoplasmic reticulum; COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle; growth cone filopodium; cytoplasmic vesicle; extracellular space; Golgi lumen; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; early endosome; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; Golgi-associated vesicle; cell projection; perikaryon; presynaptic active zone; recycling endosome; nucleus; synaptic vesicle;
Biological process	cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus; amyloid fibril formation; negative regulation of neuron differentiation; neuromuscular process controlling balance; protein phosphorylation; regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity; cellular copper ion homeostasis; neuron projection development; cellular response to cAMP; suckling behavior; apoptotic process; locomotory behavior; adult locomotory behavior; positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle; axo-dendritic transport; response to oxidative stress; mRNA polyadenylation; collateral sprouting in absence of injury; ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway; Notch signaling pathway; negative regulation of peptidase activity; smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis; synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction; neuron remodeling; dendrite development; extracellular matrix organization; cholesterol metabolic process; mating behavior; cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus; nervous system development; cell adhesion; response to lead ion; regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; axon midline choice point recognition; visual learning; endocytosis; axonogenesis; regulation of multicellular organism growth; platelet degranulation; positive regulation of peptidase activity; forebrain development; regulation of protein binding; regulation of translation; regulation of synapse structure or activity; cellular process; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; negative regulation of endopeptidase activity; response to yeast; antibacterial humoral response; antifungal humoral response; innate immune response; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; neuron apoptotic process; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; astrocyte activation involved in immune response; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; learning or memory; learning; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; response to radiation; positive regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; microglia development; regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; positive regulation of protein binding; tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of phosphorylation; post-translational protein modification; positive regulation of JNK cascade; astrocyte activation; regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity; regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; synapse organization; cognition; positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of astrocyte activation; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; cellular response to copper ion; cellular response to manganese ion; modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential; regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission; negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation; positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation; positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation; positive regulation of microglial cell activation; cellular response to amyloid-beta; negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity; regulation of presynapse assembly; positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation; neuron projection maintenance; positive regulation of signaling receptor activity; regulation of NMDA receptor activity; positive regulation of T cell migration; response to interleukin-1; positive regulation of glycolytic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	351
	11820
	ENSG00000142192
	ENSMUSG00000022892
	P05067
	P12023
NM_201414; NM_000484; NM_001136016; NM_001136129; NM_001136130;
	NM_001136131; NM_001204301; NM_001204302; NM_001204303; NM_201413; NM_001385253
	NM_001198823; NM_001198824; NM_001198825; NM_001198826; NM_007471
NP_000475; NP_001129488; NP_001129601; NP_001129602; NP_001129603;
	NP_001191230; NP_001191231; NP_001191232; NP_958816; NP_958817
	NP_001185752; NP_001185753; NP_001185754; NP_001185755; NP_031497
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. It functions as a cell surface receptor and has been implicated as a regulator of synapse formation, neural plasticity, antimicrobial activity, and iron export. It is coded for by the gene APP and regulated by substrate presentation. APP is best known as the precursor molecule whose proteolysis generates amyloid beta (Aβ), a polypeptide containing 37 to 49 amino acid residues, whose amyloid fibrillar form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients.

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