Ammonium carbonate

Ammonium carbonate is a salt with the chemical formula (NH4)2CO3. Since it readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as smelling salt. It is also known as baker's ammonia and is a predecessor to the more modern leavening agents baking soda and baking powder. It is a component of what was formerly known as sal volatile and salt of hartshorn, and produces a pungent smell when baked. It comes in the form of a white powder or block, with a molar mass of 96.09 g/mol and a density of 1.50 g/cm3. It is a strong electrolyte.

Ammonium carbonate
Names
IUPAC name
Ammonium carbonate
Other names
  • baker's ammonia
  • sal volatile
  • salt of hartshorn
  • E503
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.326
EC Number
  • 233-786-0
E number E503(i) (acidity regulators, ...)
UNII
UN number 3077
  • InChI=1S/CH2O3.2H3N/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);2*1H3 Y
    Key: PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/CH2O3.2H3N/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);2*1H3
    Key: PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYAQ
  • O=C(O)O.N.N
  • [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)[O-]
Properties
(NH4)2CO3
Molar mass 96.09 g/mol
Appearance White powder
Density 1.50 g/cm3
Melting point 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K) (decomposes)
100 g/100 ml (15°C)
25 g/100 ml (20°C)
-42.50·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Irritant
GHS labelling:
Warning
H302, H319
Safety data sheet (SDS) External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
 Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium carbamate
Other cations
 Sodium carbonate
Potassium carbonate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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