Interferon type I

The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17 and IFNA21), IFNω (IFNW1), IFNɛ (IFNE), IFNк (IFNK) and IFNβ (IFNB1), plus 11 IFN pseudogenes.

Not to be confused with Interferon type II.
Interferon Type I (α/β/δ...)
The molecular structure of human interferon-beta (PDB: 1AU1​).
Identifiers
SymbolInterferons
PfamPF00143
InterProIPR000471
SMARTSM00076
PROSITEPDOC00225
CATH1au1
SCOP21au1 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDDcd00095
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
PDB1b5l :24-187 1ovi :24-185 2hie :24-186

1itf :24-186 1au1B:22-187 2hif :24-182

1wu3I:22-182

Interferons bind to interferon receptors. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN-α receptor (IFNAR) that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains.

Type I IFNs are found in all mammals, and homologous (similar) molecules have been found in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species.

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