Al-Shafi'i
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Idrīs ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Shāfiʿī al-Ḥijāzī al-Qurashī al-Hāshimī al-Muṭṭalibī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه مُحَمَّد بْن إِدْرِيس بْن ٱلْعَبَّاس ٱلشَّافِعِيّ ٱلْحِجَازِيّ ٱلْقُرَشِيّ ٱلْهَاشِمِيّ ٱلْمُطَّلِبِيّ; 767–820 CE / 150–204 AH), commonly known as al-Shāfiʿī (Arabic: ٱلشَّافِعِيّ), was a Sunni Muslim scholar, theologian, jurist, traditionist, ascetic, and eponymous founder of the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence. Honorly referred to in Sunni tradition as the Shaykh of Islam, he was one of the first contributors to the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, and authored one of the earliest works on the subject, al-Risala. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a "systematic form", thereby "fundamentally influenc[ing] the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact," and "begin[ning] a new phase of the development of legal theory."
Al-Shafi'i | |
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ٱلشَّافِعِيّ | |
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| Personal | |
| Born | 767 CE / 150 AH |
| Died | 820 CE (aged 53) / 204 AH (aged 54) Fustat, Egypt, Abbasid Caliphate |
| Religion | Islam |
| Era | Islamic Golden Age |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence |
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| Arabic name | |
| Personal (Ism) | Muḥammad مُحَمَّد |
| Patronymic (Nasab) | Ibn Idrīs ibn al-ʿAbbās ٱبْن إِدْرِيس بْن ٱلْعَبَّاس |
| Teknonymic (Kunya) | Abū ʿAbd Allāh أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه |
| Toponymic (Nisba) | Al-Ḥijāzī al-Qurashī al-Hāshimī al-Muṭṭalibī ٱلْحِجَازِيّ ٱلْقُرَشِيّ ٱلْهَاشِمِيّ ٱلْمُطَّلِبِيّ |
| Muslim leader | |
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Being born in Gaza or Ashkelon, Palestine to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he was relocated at the age of two and raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran.
Other reverential titles he has been named with include the Offspring of the House of the Prophet, Peerless One, Scrupulously Pious Ascetic, and Friend of God.