Acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHCN and the structure H2C=CH−C≡N. It is a colorless, volatile liquid. It has a pungent odor of garlic or onions. Its molecular structure consists of a vinyl group (−CH=CH2) linked to a nitrile (−C≡N). It is an important monomer for the manufacture of useful plastics such as polyacrylonitrile. It is reactive and toxic at low doses.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Prop-2-enenitrile | |||
| Other names | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.152 | ||
| EC Number |
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| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1093 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| C3H3N | |||
| Molar mass | 53.064 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Density | 0.81 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | −84 °C (−119 °F; 189 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 77 °C (171 °F; 350 K) | ||
| 70 g/L | |||
| log P | 0.19 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 83 mmHg | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
flammable reactive toxic potential occupational carcinogen | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −1 °C; 30 °F; 272 K | ||
| 471 °C (880 °F; 744 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 3–17% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (median concentration) |
500 ppm (rat, 4 h) 313 ppm (mouse, 4 h) 425 ppm (rat, 4 h) | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
260 ppm (rabbit, 4 h) 575 ppm (guinea pig, 4 h) 636 ppm (rat, 4 h) 452 ppm (human, 1 h) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 2 ppm C 10 ppm [15-minute] [skin] | ||
REL (Recommended) |
Ca TWA 1 ppm C 10 ppm [15-minute] [skin] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
85 ppm | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0092 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related nitriles |
acetonitrile propionitrile | ||
Related compounds |
acrylic acid acrolein | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
Acrylonitrile is one of the components of ABS plastic (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene).
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