APOBEC3G

APOBEC3G
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2JYW, 2KBO, 2KEM, 3E1U, 3IQS, 3IR2, 3V4J, 3V4K, 4ROV, 4ROW
Identifiers
Aliases	APOBEC3G, A3G, ARCD, ARP-9, ARP9, CEM-15, CEM15, MDS019, bK150C2.7, dJ494G10.1, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G
External IDs	OMIM: 607113 HomoloGene: 128348 GeneCards: APOBEC3G
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein homodimerization activity; cytidine deaminase activity; protein binding; catalytic activity; hydrolase activity; hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines; metal ion binding; deoxycytidine deaminase activity; RNA binding; zinc ion binding; dCTP deaminase activity; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	nucleus; apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex; cytosol; cytoplasm; P-body; ribonucleoprotein complex;
Biological process	cytidine deamination; negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate; negative regulation of transposition; base conversion or substitution editing; immune system process; DNA cytosine deamination; positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; negative regulation of viral genome replication; negative regulation of viral process; defense response to virus; innate immune response; viral process; cytidine to uridine editing; DNA demethylation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	60489
	n/a
	ENSG00000239713
	n/a
	Q9HC16
	n/a
	NM_021822
	n/a
	NP_068594; NP_001336365; NP_001336366; NP_001336367
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic subunit 3G) is a human enzyme encoded by the APOBEC3G gene that belongs to the APOBEC superfamily of proteins. This family of proteins has been suggested to play an important role in innate anti-viral immunity. APOBEC3G belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases that catalyze the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the single stranded DNA substrate. The C-terminal domain of A3G renders catalytic activity, several NMR and crystal structures explain the substrate specificity and catalytic activity.

APOBEC3G exerts innate antiretroviral immune activity against retroviruses, most notably HIV, by interfering with proper replication. However, lentiviruses such as HIV have evolved the Viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein in order to counteract this effect. Vif interacts with APOBEC3G and triggers the ubiquitination and degradation of APOBEC3G via the proteasomal pathway. On the other hand, foamy viruses produce an accessory protein Bet (P89873) that impairs the cytoplasmic solubility of APOBEC3G. The two ways of inhibition are distinct from each other, but they can replace each other in vivo.

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