2012–2013 Iraqi protests

2012–2013 Iraqi protests
2012–2013 Iraqi protests
Part of the Arab Spring and the Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
	Sunni demonstrators protesting against the Maliki government (Dec. 2012–Jan. 2013)
Date	21 December 2012 – 30 December 2013; (1 year, 1 week and 2 days)
Location	Iraq
Caused by	Corruption; Unemployment; Poor national security; Poor public services; Alleged marginalization of a Sunni minority; who previously held ultimate power; Unfair treatment of prisoners; Poor salaries of Sahwa militia; Alleged abuse of De-Ba'athification laws; Alleged Iranian interference in Iraqi affairs;
Methods	Demonstrations; Strike actions;
Resulted in	Two-thirds wage increase for Sahwa militia members; Release of 3,000 prisoners, including 600 female prisoners; Crackdown by Security Forces results in renewed violence in Anbar; Beginning of the War in Iraq (2013–2017);
Parties
Sunni opposition groups Sunni protesters; Army of Pride and Dignity; Free Iraq Intifada; Popular Movement in Iraq; Sunni Islamists; Anti-Government Tribes;	Iraqi Government State of Law Coalition; Iraqi Armed Forces; Iraqi police; Pro-Government Tribes;
Lead figures
	Decentralized leadership Rafi al-Issawi; (Former Finance Minister); Sheikh Ahmed Abu Risha; (Leader of Anbar Salvation Council); Usama al-Nujayfi; (Speaker of the Parliament); Sheikh Ali Hatem al-Suleiman; (Tribal Leader); Ahmed al-Alwani; (Ramadi MP); Sheik Abdul Malik Al-Saadi; (Sunni Cleric); Nouri al-Maliki; (Prime Minister of Iraq); Jalal Talabani; (President of Iraq)
Casualties
Death(s)	200+

The 2012–2013 Iraqi protests started on 21 December 2012 following a raid on the home of Sunni Finance Minister Rafi al-Issawi and the arrest of 10 of his bodyguards. Beginning in Fallujah, the protests afterwards spread throughout Sunni Arab parts of Iraq. The protests centered on the issue of the alleged sectarianism of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Pro-Maliki protests also took place throughout central and southern Iraq, where there is a Shia Arab majority. In April 2013, sectarian violence escalated after the 2013 Hawija clashes. The protests continued throughout 2013, and in December Maliki used security forces to forcefully close down the main protest camp in Ramadi, leaving at least ten gunmen and three policemen dead in the process.

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