2011–2012 Jordanian protests

Jordanian protests (2011–12)
Jordanian protests (2011–12)
Part of the Arab Spring
	A mass protest in Amman, Jordan, November 2012, over price hikes
Date	14 January 2011 – 4 October 2012
Location	Jordan
Caused by	Corruption; Internet censorship; Inflation; Low salaries; Unemployment; Regressive taxes; Inspiration from concurrent regional protests;
Goals	Constitutional monarchy; Electoral reform; Establishment of a Republic; End to corruption; Political freedom;
Methods	Demonstrations; Strike action; Riots; Sit-ins; Self-immolation; Online activism; Civil disobedience; Civil resistance;
Status	In February 2011, King Abdullah II dismisses Prime Minister Rifai and his cabinet; In October 2011, Abdullah dismisses Prime Minister Bakhit and his cabinet after complaints of slow progress on promised reforms; In April 2012, as the protests continues, Al-Khasawneh resigned, and the King appoints Fayez al-Tarawneh as the new Prime Minister of Jordan; In October 2012, King Abdullah dissolves the parliament for new early elections, and appoints Abdullah Ensour as the new Prime Minister of Jordan;
Parties
Jordanian opposition parties; • Muslim Brotherhood; • Leftist parties; • Trade unions	Government of Jordan and supporters
Lead figures
	• Retired General Ali Habashnah • King Abdullah II; • Prime Minister Samir Rifai
Number
• Protesters: 6,000–10,000
Casualties and losses
1 dead; 70 injured	2 dead and 13 police injured

The Jordanian protests were a series of protests in Jordan that began in January 2011, and resulted in the firing of the cabinet ministers of the government. In its early phase, protests in Jordan were initially against unemployment, inflation, corruption. along with demanding for real constitutional monarchy and electoral reforms.

Food inflation and salaries were a cause for resentment in the country. The 2010-2011 Tunisian Revolution and the 2011 Egyptian Revolution also raised hopes for political change in the region. Together with unrest elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa, including the disturbances in Syria and Yemen, they were part of the Arab Spring.

King Abdullah II responded to the protests by reforming around a third of the constitution, establishing the Independent Election Commission, and vowing to embark on a democratic trajectory. He sacked three prime ministers in 18 months, settling on Abdullah Ensour as prime minister in 2012 and called for early elections in 2013. Later, introducing complete proportional representation to the House of Representatives in the 2016 parliamentary election, introducing decentralization in the 2017 local elections, and reforming the judiciary.

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