Omeprazole

Administration
  • Type: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
  • Dosage Forms: Tablets or capsules of 10, 20, 40, 80mg. Powder of omeprazole sodium for IV.
  • Routes of Administration: PO, IV
  • Common Trade Names: Prilosec

Adult Dosing

GERD
  • 20mg PO once daily, taken about 1 hour before meals

Peptic ulcers
  • 40mg PO daily

Zollinger Ellison syndrome
  • 60mg PO q8-24h

Pediatric Dosing

GERD
  • <1 year: Safety and efficacy not established
  • 5-10 kg: 5 mg PO qDay
  • 10-20 kg: 10 mg PO qDay
  • >20 kg: 20 mg PO qDay

Erosive Esophagitis
  • <1 month: Safety and efficacy not established
  • Aged 1 month to <1 year
    • 3 to <5 kg: 2.5 mg qDay
    • 5 to <10 kg: 5 mg qDay
    • ≥10 kg: 10 mg qDay
  • Aged 1-16 years
    • 5 to <10 kg: 5 mg PO qDay
    • 10 to <20 kg: 10 mg PO qDay
    • ≥20 kg: 20 mg PO qDay

Special Populations
  • Pregnancy Rating: C
  • Lactation risk: May be present in milk

Renal Dosing
  • No adjustment

Hepatic Dosing
  • Not studied

Contraindications
  • Allergy to class/drug

Adverse Reactions

Serious
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Fractures, osteoporosis-related
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Pancreatitis
  • Interstitial nephritis
  • Rhabdomyolysis

Common
  • Headache, dizziness
  • Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, acid regurgitation, constipation
  • URI, cough
  • Rash
  • Gastric polyps
  • Alopecia
  • Atrophic gastritis

Pharmacology
  • Half-life: 1-1.2 hours [1]
  • Metabolism: Hepatic (CYP2C19, CYP3A4) [2]
  • Excretion: Urine

Mechanism of Action
  • PPI; binds to H+/K+-exchanging ATPase (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells, resulting in suppression of basal and stimulated acid secretion

References
  1. Prilosec Prescribing Information. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals.
  2. Prilosec Prescribing Information. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals.
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