Name lookup is the procedure by which a name, when encountered in a program, is associated with the declaration that introduced it.
For function names, name lookup can associate multiple declarations with the same name, and may obtain additional declarations from adl. Template argument deduction may also apply, and the set of declarations is passed to overload resolution, which selects the declaration that will be used. Member access rules, if applicable, are considered only after name lookup and overload resolution. For all other names (variables, namespaces, classes, etc), name lookup must produce a single declaration in order for the program to compile.
Unqualified name lookup
For an unqualified name, that is name that does not appear to the right of a scope resolution operator ::, name lookup examines the scopes as described below, until it finds at least one declaration of any kind, at which time the lookup stops and no further scopes are examined.
For the purpose of unqualified name lookup, all declarations from a namespace mentioned by a using directive are members of the namespace in which the using-directive appears.
