Database partitioning is the act of splitting a database into separate parts, usually for manageability, performance or availability reasons.
Database partitioning is done in one of two ways:
vertically - reducing the number of columns in tables while increasing the number of tables
horizontally (also called sharding) – splitting rows up into multiple tables based on key values. An example would be moving all the rows for each geographic region (such as a country) into their own tables.
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