I'm currently trying to get a better understanding of what is happening after power-on until I reach the main() function of an embedded project. Furthermore I'll try to understand how startup code and linker scripts are incorporated during build and startup procedure as I never learned these things properly.
So I read and watched a bunch of tutorials (QuantumLeaps, Fastbit, Interrupt, Teivaz,...) and I think I got a basic understanding of what is going on. To see if I really understood everything I tried the following:
For a STM32F0-Nucleo Board (STM32F072RB) I tried to create a bare-metal blinky LED project. The build toolchain I use is the arm-none-eabi-gcc compiler, GNU make and the CubeProgrammer by ST. I want it to be as basic as possible. So linker script, startup code and all the stuff should be self-written, no third party files by ST or other sources should be utilized.
As you can already imagine, I couldn't make it work but also am not sure of where the error resides or what I understood wrongly...
Here you can find the reference manual of the used MCU. And here are the files I wrote (inspired by the above mentioned tutorials):
Linker Script
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/*FLASH memory from 0x08000000 with 128K*/
/*RAM memory from 0x20000000 with 16K*/
MEMORY
{
FLASH(rx) : ORIGIN =0x08000000, LENGTH = 128K
SRAM(rwx) : ORIGIN =0x20000000, LENGTH = 16K
}
SECTIONS
{
.text :
{
KEEP(*(.vectors))
*(.text)
*(.text*) /*Maybe?*/
*(.rodata)
*(.rodata*)
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .;
}> FLASH /*AT> FLASH*/
.data :
{
_sdata = .;
*(.data)
*(.data*)
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .;
}> SRAM AT> FLASH
.bss :
{
_sbss = .;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
_ebss = .;
}> SRAM
}
I saw in the official STM linker scripts that there are always two entries for each section ( *(.bss) and *(.bss*)). I don't understand why this is the case, the tutorials I saw were also inconsistent with this. Can someone explain this to me?
Startup Code (shortend the list of the handlers for displaying reasons)
#include "device.h"
//Tracking variables for memory sections
extern uint32_t _etext;
extern uint32_t _sdata;
extern uint32_t _edata;
extern uint32_t _sbss;
extern uint32_t _ebss;
// Prototypes
extern int main (void);
// Vector Table Prototypes + Default Handler
void Reset_Handler(void);
void Default_Handler(void);
void NMI_Handler(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("Default_Handler")));
void HardFault_Handler(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("Default_Handler")));
void SVCall_Handler(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("Default_Handler")));
void PendSV_Handler(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("Default_Handler")));
void SysTick_Handler(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("Default_Handler")));
.
.
.
#define SRAM_START 0x20000000U
#define SRAM_SIZE (16U * 1024U) // 16KB
#define SRAM_END ((SRAM_START)+(SRAM_SIZE))
#define STACK_START SRAM_END //Stack will grow from high to low
//This can also be done in Linker script with PROVIDE(_stack = ORIGIN(SRAM) + LENGTH(SRAM));
// Vector Array
__attribute__ ((section(".vectors"))) uint32_t vectors[] =
{
(uint32_t)STACK_START, //First Entry holds address of initial Stack Pointer (MSP) which points at end of SRAM, note that only the address is kept here
(uint32_t)&Reset_Handler,
//(uint32_t)&NMI_Handler,
//(uint32_t)&HardFault_Handler,
(uint32_t)&NMI_Handler, //NMI Handler
(uint32_t)&HardFault_Handler, //HardFault Handler (0x0000 000C)
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)&SVCall_Handler, //SVCall (0x0000 002C)
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)0,
(uint32_t)&PendSV_Handler, //PendSV (0x000 0038)
(uint32_t)&SysTick_Handler, //Systick
.
.
.
};
//Definitions
void Reset_Handler ( void )
{
// Copy Data section to SRAM
uint32_t size = (uint32_t)&_edata - (uint32_t)&_sdata;
uint8_t *pDst = (uint8_t*)&_sdata; //SRAM
uint8_t *pSrc = (uint8_t*)&_etext; //FLASH
for(uint32_t i = 0 ; i<size ; i++)
{
*pDst++ = *pSrc++;
};
// Init bss section to 0
size = (uint32_t)&_ebss - (uint32_t)&_sbss;
pDst = (uint8_t*)&_sbss; //SRAM
for(uint32_t i = 0 ; i<size ; i++)
{
*pDst++ = 0;
};
//Call Main
main();
}
void Default_Handler(void)
{
}
The makefile:
CC=arm-none-eabi-gcc
CORE=cortex-m4
CFLAG= -c -mcpu=$(CORE) -std=gnu11 -mthumb -O0 -Wall -v -save-temps -fno-common
LDFLAG= -mcpu=$(CORE) -mthumb -nostdlib -T mySTM32_linkerScript.ld -Wl,-Map=final.Map
all: main.o myStartup.o final.elf
main.o: main.c
$(CC) $(CFLAG) -o $@ $^
myStartup.o: myStartup.c
$(CC) $(CFLAG) -o $@ $^
final.elf: main.o myStartup.o
$(CC) $(LDFLAG) -o $@ $^
clean:
rm -rf *.o *.elf
test:
echo "This works"
The main file:
/* Includes */
#include "device.h"
void delay (int a);
int main(void)
{
RCC->AHBENR |= RCC_AHBENR_GPIOAEN;
GPIOA->MODER |= GPIO_MODER_MODER5_0;
GPIOA->OTYPER &= ~GPIO_OTYPER_OT_5;
GPIOA->OSPEEDR |= GPIO_OSPEEDER_OSPEEDR5_0;
GPIOA->PUPDR &= ~GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_0;
/* Infinite loop */
while (1)
{
GPIOA->BSRR |= GPIO_BSRR_BS_5;
delay(50000);
GPIOA->BSRR |= GPIO_BSRR_BR_5;
delay(50000);
}
return 0;
}
void delay (int a)
{
int i,j;
for (i=0 ; i < a ; i++)
{
j++;
}
return;
}
I tried this code inside the CubeIDE with the #include "stm32f72xx.h" and it worked without problems. LED is blinking and registers got set correctly.
Lastly the corresponding device header file
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
typedef unsigned long uint32_t;
typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
#define __IO volatile /*!< Defines 'read / write' permissions */
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t CR; /*!< RCC clock control register, Address offset: 0x00 */
__IO uint32_t CFGR; /*!< RCC clock configuration register, Address offset: 0x04 */
__IO uint32_t CIR; /*!< RCC clock interrupt register, Address offset: 0x08 */
__IO uint32_t APB2RSTR; /*!< RCC APB2 peripheral reset register, Address offset: 0x0C */
__IO uint32_t APB1RSTR; /*!< RCC APB1 peripheral reset register, Address offset: 0x10 */
__IO uint32_t AHBENR; /*!< RCC AHB peripheral clock register, Address offset: 0x14 */
__IO uint32_t APB2ENR; /*!< RCC APB2 peripheral clock enable register, Address offset: 0x18 */
__IO uint32_t APB1ENR; /*!< RCC APB1 peripheral clock enable register, Address offset: 0x1C */
__IO uint32_t BDCR; /*!< RCC Backup domain control register, Address offset: 0x20 */
__IO uint32_t CSR; /*!< RCC clock control & status register, Address offset: 0x24 */
__IO uint32_t AHBRSTR; /*!< RCC AHB peripheral reset register, Address offset: 0x28 */
__IO uint32_t CFGR2; /*!< RCC clock configuration register 2, Address offset: 0x2C */
__IO uint32_t CFGR3; /*!< RCC clock configuration register 3, Address offset: 0x30 */
__IO uint32_t CR2; /*!< RCC clock control register 2, Address offset: 0x34 */
} RCC_TypeDef;
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t MODER; /*!< GPIO port mode register, Address offset: 0x00 */
__IO uint32_t OTYPER; /*!< GPIO port output type register, Address offset: 0x04 */
__IO uint32_t OSPEEDR; /*!< GPIO port output speed register, Address offset: 0x08 */
__IO uint32_t PUPDR; /*!< GPIO port pull-up/pull-down register, Address offset: 0x0C */
__IO uint32_t IDR; /*!< GPIO port input data register, Address offset: 0x10 */
__IO uint32_t ODR; /*!< GPIO port output data register, Address offset: 0x14 */
__IO uint32_t BSRR; /*!< GPIO port bit set/reset register, Address offset: 0x1A */
__IO uint32_t LCKR; /*!< GPIO port configuration lock register, Address offset: 0x1C */
__IO uint32_t AFR[2]; /*!< GPIO alternate function low register, Address offset: 0x20-0x24 */
__IO uint32_t BRR; /*!< GPIO bit reset register, Address offset: 0x28 */
} GPIO_TypeDef;
#define PERIPH_BASE 0x40000000UL
#define AHBPERIPH_BASE (PERIPH_BASE + 0x00020000UL)
#define AHB2PERIPH_BASE (PERIPH_BASE + 0x08000000UL)
#define RCC_BASE (AHBPERIPH_BASE + 0x00001000UL)
#define RCC ((RCC_TypeDef *) RCC_BASE)
#define GPIOA_BASE (AHB2PERIPH_BASE + 0x00000000UL)
#define GPIOA ((GPIO_TypeDef *) GPIOA_BASE)
#define RCC_AHBENR_GPIOAEN_Pos (17U)
#define RCC_AHBENR_GPIOAEN_Msk (0x1UL << RCC_AHBENR_GPIOAEN_Pos) /*!< 0x00020000 */
#define RCC_AHBENR_GPIOAEN RCC_AHBENR_GPIOAEN_Msk /*!< GPIOA clock enable */
#define GPIO_MODER_MODER5_Pos (10U)
#define GPIO_MODER_MODER5_Msk (0x3UL << GPIO_MODER_MODER5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000C00 */
#define GPIO_MODER_MODER5 GPIO_MODER_MODER5_Msk
#define GPIO_MODER_MODER5_0 (0x1UL << GPIO_MODER_MODER5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000400 */
#define GPIO_MODER_MODER5_1 (0x2UL << GPIO_MODER_MODER5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000800 */
#define GPIO_OTYPER_OT_5 (0x00000020U)
#define GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_Pos (10U)
#define GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_Msk (0x3UL << GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000C00 */
#define GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5 GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_Msk
#define GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_0 (0x1UL << GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000400 */
#define GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_1 (0x2UL << GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000800 */
#define GPIO_OSPEEDER_OSPEEDR5 GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5
#define GPIO_OSPEEDER_OSPEEDR5_0 GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_0
#define GPIO_OSPEEDER_OSPEEDR5_1 GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEEDR5_1
#define GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_Pos (10U)
#define GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_Msk (0x3UL << GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000C00 */
#define GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5 GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_Msk
#define GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_0 (0x1UL << GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000400 */
#define GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_1 (0x2UL << GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR5_Pos) /*!< 0x00000800 */
#define GPIO_BSRR_BS_5 (0x00000020U)
#define GPIO_BSRR_BR_5 (0x00200000U)
As you probably already realized, I was extremly lazy and just copied the relevant register defines from the official stm32f072 header.
After a "make all" the build proceeds without errors or warnings. The generated map file looks ok to me:
Memory Configuration
Name Origin Length Attributes
FLASH 0x08000000 0x00020000 xr
SRAM 0x20000000 0x00004000 xrw
*default* 0x00000000 0xffffffff
Linker script and memory map
LOAD main.o
LOAD myStartup.o
.text 0x08000000 0x204
*(.vectors)
.vectors 0x08000000 0xc0 myStartup.o
0x08000000 vectors
*(.text)
.text 0x080000c0 0xb4 main.o
0x080000c0 main
0x08000148 delay
.text 0x08000174 0x90 myStartup.o
0x08000174 Reset_Handler
0x080001f8 EXTI2_3_Handler
0x080001f8 SVCall_Handler
0x080001f8 HardFault_Handler
0x080001f8 SysTick_Handler
0x080001f8 I2C1_Handler
0x080001f8 PendSV_Handler
0x080001f8 NMI_Handler
0x080001f8 PVD_VDDIO2_Handler
0x080001f8 WWDG_Handler
0x080001f8 RTC_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM1_CC_Handler
0x080001f8 USART3_8_Handler
0x080001f8 EXTI4_15_Handler
0x080001f8 DMA_Ch4_7_Handler
0x080001f8 TSC_Handler
0x080001f8 FLASH_Handler
0x080001f8 USB_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM2_Handler
0x080001f8 USART1_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM3_Handler
0x080001f8 Default_Handler
0x080001f8 CEC_CAN_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM17_Handler
0x080001f8 EXTI0_1_Handler
0x080001f8 SPI2_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM16_Handler
0x080001f8 DMA_Ch1_Handler
0x080001f8 I2C2_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM6_DAC_VDDIO2_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM14_Handler
0x080001f8 USART2_Handler
0x080001f8 SPI1_Handler
0x080001f8 RCC_CRS_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM15_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM7_Handler
0x080001f8 TIM1_BRK_UP_Handler
0x080001f8 ADC_COMP_Handler
0x080001f8 DMA_Ch2_3_Handler
*(.text*)
*(.rodata)
*(.rodata*)
0x08000204 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x08000204 _etext = .
.glue_7 0x08000204 0x0
.glue_7 0x08000204 0x0 linker stubs
.glue_7t 0x08000204 0x0
.glue_7t 0x08000204 0x0 linker stubs
.vfp11_veneer 0x08000204 0x0
.vfp11_veneer 0x08000204 0x0 linker stubs
.v4_bx 0x08000204 0x0
.v4_bx 0x08000204 0x0 linker stubs
.iplt 0x08000204 0x0
.iplt 0x08000204 0x0 main.o
.rel.dyn 0x08000204 0x0
.rel.iplt 0x08000204 0x0 main.o
.data 0x20000000 0x0 load address 0x08000204
0x20000000 _sdata = .
*(.data)
.data 0x20000000 0x0 main.o
.data 0x20000000 0x0 myStartup.o
*(.data*)
0x20000000 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x20000000 _edata = .
.igot.plt 0x20000000 0x0 load address 0x08000204
.igot.plt 0x20000000 0x0 main.o
.bss 0x20000000 0x0 load address 0x08000204
0x20000000 _sbss = .
*(.bss)
.bss 0x20000000 0x0 main.o
.bss 0x20000000 0x0 myStartup.o
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
0x20000000 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x20000000 _ebss = .
OUTPUT(final.elf elf32-littlearm)
LOAD linker stubs
.comment 0x00000000 0x49
.comment 0x00000000 0x49 main.o
0x4a (size before relaxing)
.comment 0x00000049 0x4a myStartup.o
.ARM.attributes
0x00000000 0x2e
.ARM.attributes
0x00000000 0x2e main.o
.ARM.attributes
0x0000002e 0x2e myStartup.o
I still don't know what the additional added sections are for but decided to ingore them for the time being.
So I tried to load the .elf file onto my board using the CubeProgrammer but I see no blinking LED. The cube programmer has the option to access the registers and they also show that my code was not executed at all. Nonetheless I can see that the vector table handlers got set (all pointing to the default handler) like I would expect them to. (If wanted I can add screenshots).
Because of that, my guess would be, that there is something missing or wrong with my startup code, linker script and/or makefile...
I'm sorry for the long post but if you find the time, can someone please help me to get this project running and helping me understand what is going on behind the curtains?
Thank you in advance Best regards Evox402
edit(21-12-09):
final.elf: file format elf32-littlearm
Disassembly of section .text:
08000000 <vectors>:
8000000: 20004000 andcs r4, r0, r0
8000004: 08000175 stmdaeq r0, {r0, r2, r4, r5, r6, r8}
8000008: 080001f9 stmdaeq r0, {r0, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8}
800000c: 080001f9 stmdaeq r0, {r0, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8}
...
800002c: 080001f9 stmdaeq r0, {r0, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8}
...
8000038: 080001f9 stmdaeq r0, {r0, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8}
800003c: 080001f9 stmdaeq r0, {r0, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8}
. . . .
80000b8: 080001f9 stmdaeq r0, {r0, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8}
80000bc: 080001f9 stmdaeq r0, {r0, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8}
080000c0 <main>:
80000c0: b580 push {r7, lr}
80000c2: af00 add r7, sp, #0
80000c4: 4b1f ldr r3, [pc, #124] ; (8000144 <main+0x84>)
80000c6: 695b ldr r3, [r3, #20]
80000c8: 4a1e ldr r2, [pc, #120] ; (8000144 <main+0x84>)
80000ca: f443 3300 orr.w r3, r3, #131072 ; 0x20000
80000ce: 6153 str r3, [r2, #20]
80000d0: f04f 4390 mov.w r3, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
80000d4: 681b ldr r3, [r3, #0]
80000d6: f04f 4290 mov.w r2, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
80000da: f443 6380 orr.w r3, r3, #1024 ; 0x400
80000de: 6013 str r3, [r2, #0]
80000e0: f04f 4390 mov.w r3, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
80000e4: 685b ldr r3, [r3, #4]
80000e6: f04f 4290 mov.w r2, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
80000ea: f023 0320 bic.w r3, r3, #32
80000ee: 6053 str r3, [r2, #4]
80000f0: f04f 4390 mov.w r3, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
80000f4: 689b ldr r3, [r3, #8]
80000f6: f04f 4290 mov.w r2, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
80000fa: f443 6380 orr.w r3, r3, #1024 ; 0x400
80000fe: 6093 str r3, [r2, #8]
8000100: f04f 4390 mov.w r3, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
8000104: 68db ldr r3, [r3, #12]
8000106: f04f 4290 mov.w r2, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
800010a: f423 6380 bic.w r3, r3, #1024 ; 0x400
800010e: 60d3 str r3, [r2, #12]
8000110: f04f 4390 mov.w r3, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
8000114: 699b ldr r3, [r3, #24]
8000116: f04f 4290 mov.w r2, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
800011a: f043 0320 orr.w r3, r3, #32
800011e: 6193 str r3, [r2, #24]
8000120: f24c 3050 movw r0, #50000 ; 0xc350
8000124: f000 f810 bl 8000148 <delay>
8000128: f04f 4390 mov.w r3, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
800012c: 699b ldr r3, [r3, #24]
800012e: f04f 4290 mov.w r2, #1207959552 ; 0x48000000
8000132: f443 1300 orr.w r3, r3, #2097152 ; 0x200000
8000136: 6193 str r3, [r2, #24]
8000138: f24c 3050 movw r0, #50000 ; 0xc350
800013c: f000 f804 bl 8000148 <delay>
8000140: e7e6 b.n 8000110 <main+0x50>
8000142: bf00 nop
8000144: 40021000 andmi r1, r2, r0
08000148 <delay>:
8000148: b480 push {r7}
800014a: b085 sub sp, #20
800014c: af00 add r7, sp, #0
800014e: 6078 str r0, [r7, #4]
8000150: 2300 movs r3, #0
8000152: 60fb str r3, [r7, #12]
8000154: e005 b.n 8000162 <delay+0x1a>
8000156: 68bb ldr r3, [r7, #8]
8000158: 3301 adds r3, #1
800015a: 60bb str r3, [r7, #8]
800015c: 68fb ldr r3, [r7, #12]
800015e: 3301 adds r3, #1
8000160: 60fb str r3, [r7, #12]
8000162: 68fa ldr r2, [r7, #12]
8000164: 687b ldr r3, [r7, #4]
8000166: 429a cmp r2, r3
8000168: dbf5 blt.n 8000156 <delay+0xe>
800016a: bf00 nop
800016c: 3714 adds r7, #20
800016e: 46bd mov sp, r7
8000170: bc80 pop {r7}
8000172: 4770 bx lr
08000174 <Reset_Handler>:
8000174: b580 push {r7, lr}
8000176: b086 sub sp, #24
8000178: af00 add r7, sp, #0
800017a: 4a1a ldr r2, [pc, #104] ; (80001e4 <Reset_Handler+0x70>)
800017c: 4b1a ldr r3, [pc, #104] ; (80001e8 <Reset_Handler+0x74>)
800017e: 1ad3 subs r3, r2, r3
8000180: 607b str r3, [r7, #4]
8000182: 4b19 ldr r3, [pc, #100] ; (80001e8 <Reset_Handler+0x74>)
8000184: 617b str r3, [r7, #20]
8000186: 4b19 ldr r3, [pc, #100] ; (80001ec <Reset_Handler+0x78>)
8000188: 613b str r3, [r7, #16]
800018a: 2300 movs r3, #0
800018c: 60fb str r3, [r7, #12]
800018e: e00a b.n 80001a6 <Reset_Handler+0x32>
8000190: 693a ldr r2, [r7, #16]
8000192: 1c53 adds r3, r2, #1
8000194: 613b str r3, [r7, #16]
8000196: 697b ldr r3, [r7, #20]
8000198: 1c59 adds r1, r3, #1
800019a: 6179 str r1, [r7, #20]
800019c: 7812 ldrb r2, [r2, #0]
800019e: 701a strb r2, [r3, #0]
80001a0: 68fb ldr r3, [r7, #12]
80001a2: 3301 adds r3, #1
80001a4: 60fb str r3, [r7, #12]
80001a6: 68fa ldr r2, [r7, #12]
80001a8: 687b ldr r3, [r7, #4]
80001aa: 429a cmp r2, r3
80001ac: d3f0 bcc.n 8000190 <Reset_Handler+0x1c>
80001ae: 4a10 ldr r2, [pc, #64] ; (80001f0 <Reset_Handler+0x7c>)
80001b0: 4b10 ldr r3, [pc, #64] ; (80001f4 <Reset_Handler+0x80>)
80001b2: 1ad3 subs r3, r2, r3
80001b4: 607b str r3, [r7, #4]
80001b6: 4b0f ldr r3, [pc, #60] ; (80001f4 <Reset_Handler+0x80>)
80001b8: 617b str r3, [r7, #20]
80001ba: 2300 movs r3, #0
80001bc: 60bb str r3, [r7, #8]
80001be: e007 b.n 80001d0 <Reset_Handler+0x5c>
80001c0: 697b ldr r3, [r7, #20]
80001c2: 1c5a adds r2, r3, #1
80001c4: 617a str r2, [r7, #20]
80001c6: 2200 movs r2, #0
80001c8: 701a strb r2, [r3, #0]
80001ca: 68bb ldr r3, [r7, #8]
80001cc: 3301 adds r3, #1
80001ce: 60bb str r3, [r7, #8]
80001d0: 68ba ldr r2, [r7, #8]
80001d2: 687b ldr r3, [r7, #4]
80001d4: 429a cmp r2, r3
80001d6: d3f3 bcc.n 80001c0 <Reset_Handler+0x4c>
80001d8: f7ff ff72 bl 80000c0 <main>
80001dc: bf00 nop
80001de: 3718 adds r7, #24
80001e0: 46bd mov sp, r7
80001e2: bd80 pop {r7, pc}
80001e4: 20000000 andcs r0, r0, r0
80001e8: 20000000 andcs r0, r0, r0
80001ec: 08000204 stmdaeq r0, {r2, r9}
80001f0: 20000000 andcs r0, r0, r0
80001f4: 20000000 andcs r0, r0, r0
080001f8 <Default_Handler>:
80001f8: b480 push {r7}
80001fa: af00 add r7, sp, #0
80001fc: bf00 nop
80001fe: 46bd mov sp, r7
8000200: bc80 pop {r7}
8000202: 4770 bx lr
Disassembly of section .comment:
00000000 <.comment>:
0: 3a434347 bcc 10d0d24 <vectors-0x6f2f2dc>
4: 4e472820 cdpmi 8, 4, cr2, cr7, cr0, {1}
8: 72412055 subvc r2, r1, #85 ; 0x55
c: 6d45206d stclvs 0, cr2, [r5, #-436] ; 0xfffffe4c
10: 64646562 strbtvs r6, [r4], #-1378 ; 0xfffffa9e
14: 54206465 strtpl r6, [r0], #-1125 ; 0xfffffb9b
18: 636c6f6f cmnvs ip, #444 ; 0x1bc
1c: 6e696168 powvsez f6, f1, #0.0
20: 2e303120 rsfcssp f3, f0, f0
24: 30322d33 eorscc r2, r2, r3, lsr sp
28: 312e3132 ; <UNDEFINED> instruction: 0x312e3132
2c: 31202930 ; <UNDEFINED> instruction: 0x31202930
30: 2e332e30 mrccs 14, 1, r2, cr3, cr0, {1}
34: 30322031 eorscc r2, r2, r1, lsr r0
38: 38303132 ldmdacc r0!, {r1, r4, r5, r8, ip, sp}
3c: 28203432 stmdacs r0!, {r1, r4, r5, sl, ip, sp}
40: 656c6572 strbvs r6, [ip, #-1394]! ; 0xfffffa8e
44: 29657361 stmdbcs r5!, {r0, r5, r6, r8, r9, ip, sp, lr}^
...
Disassembly of section .ARM.attributes:
00000000 <.ARM.attributes>:
0: 00002d41 andeq r2, r0, r1, asr #26
4: 61656100 cmnvs r5, r0, lsl #2
8: 01006962 tsteq r0, r2, ror #18
c: 00000023 andeq r0, r0, r3, lsr #32
10: 2d453705 stclcs 7, cr3, [r5, #-20] ; 0xffffffec
14: 0d06004d stceq 0, cr0, [r6, #-308] ; 0xfffffecc
18: 02094d07 andeq r4, r9, #448 ; 0x1c0
1c: 01140412 tsteq r4, r2, lsl r4
20: 03170115 tsteq r7, #1073741829 ; 0x40000005
24: 01190118 tsteq r9, r8, lsl r1
28: 061e011a ; <UNDEFINED> instruction: 0x061e011a
2c: Address 0x0000002c is out of bounds.
