FDL is merely a syntax/descriptive method to set/view OpenVMS file attributes (metadata) which has no equivalent in typical Linux file systems. Those attributes are implemented by the (Files-11 / ODS) file system an acted on by RMS (the OpenVMS Record management Services) for which again there is no equivalent in Linux although there are packages (sector7).
So much more than an FDL question , this is an RMS question.
RMS offers 'record' access where a record is a blob of byte defined in the file which can be read sequentially, by number or by key (indexed file). The attributes mentioned in the question are to do with simple sequential access, but there Linux just offers a byte-stream method. The application is supposed to know how much to read / when to stop reading. Possibly a (record) terminator like (frequently) (linefeed) is used but that's about it (fscanf).
Other than using a 'parallel' meta file, or reserving an initial byte stream in your files there is no standard way to store metadata on how to use the bytestream in the file, and making them hard to use by other applications.
All this to say: No Can Do.
Sorry.