Partial indexes only include a subset of the rows of a table.
I've been able to create partial indexes in Oracle, DB2, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server. For example, in SQL Server I can create the index as:
create index ix1_case on client_case (date)
where status = 'pending';
This index is cheap since it does not include all 5 million rows of the table, but only the pending cases, that should not exceed a thousand rows.
How do I do it in MySQL?