Looking through my 3 volumes of TAOCP I can not find the source of the short random sequence:
// Seed always in 1..0x10000
Seed = (Seed * const) % 0x10001
There was also a algorithm and possibly a MIX program to validate the const such that all 2^16 values will be returned. At least that’s what I remember. Also in the same general area was the fact that the above recursion works because (2^16)+1 is prime but alas, neither (2^32)+1 nor (2^64)-1 are primes.
FWIW, replacing const with iconst = 1/const (mod 0x10001) produces the sequence in reverse order. I.e. const*iconst%0x10001 = 1