The short answer is no, you can't.
border-image
is not supported in IE9 or IE10. It is available in IE11, though.
Most other browsers do support it, but there are significant gaps -- notably the Android browswer, which doesn't support it in any version.
Most of the shiny new browser features that have been introduced in recent years can be back-ported into older browsers using a Javascript polyfill library. This has helped make it easier to start using a lot of these features, as developers could use the new feature without compromising their site too much for users of older browsers.
Unfortunately, border-image
doesn't have any polyfills, so if you use it, you will just have to accept that users of IE<=10 and android users will not see your border image. Sorry.
Correction: It seems as if CSS3Pie has added polyfill support for border-image
. That's really nice; I've always been a fan of CSS3Pie, but I wasn't aware that they'd added this feature. It does look as if it's not 100% feature-complete, but it's really nice to have.
You'll still have a problem with Android users, and a few other older browsers, but with CSS3Pie supporting it, the biggest barrier to using it has been removed. Nice one.
Refer to CanIUse to see a browser compatibility chart for this feature.