Android intents are , capable for starting a new activity , service , complete any action i.e send email , click photo , fetch data from a content provider etc .
Capturing any intent of that kind , you need to have intent filters registered to your activity with the same actions , as that of system intents .[The framework will pick your actvity/app if the same intent is fired and hence you may be able to intercept those intents if the user prefers to] This may be little too much as there will be so many of the actions declared for different android components .But some popular examples are sending sms , picking a contact , send mail .
Please refer to this for more info :http://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-filters.html
Events and Intents are different all together , all events generated by your app will go the event handler queue of the UI thread .
So in order to intercept you should set appropriate event listeners to your activity components .