It should be noted that Android N has extended doze mode further. Here the device doesn't need to be 'absolutely stationary' for a 'lighter' version of doze - that allows wake locks but restricts network access - to kick in.
The principal is that to truly take advantage of this, android needs to conserve battery if the phone is in a user's pocket where it is 'unused' but may not be stationary.
The original Marshmallow 'deep-doze' is still very much present in N so once the phone is stationary for a good amount of time [screen off + not being charged are already met criteria] it will go into the original doze where wifi scans and gps scans [location updates], wake locks, job schedulers, sync adapters, and network access is restricted.
To answer your question for location updates, android has a fine motion detecting sensor which ensures that the device is stationary w.r.t earth before diving into the deeper version of doze. So for this particular use case you should be good to go but you should still use the newly introduced Job scheduler api for batched updates. I am sure fetching location is one aspect, you want to upload it to your servers as well. Network access is restricted in both versions of doze modes.
references
https://plus.google.com/+AndroidDevelopers/posts/gwA68kaVJQ8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VC2Hlb22mZM