The problem here is pretty simple, if you do curl http://127.0.0.1:8080
on your host machine, you should get a message stating:
Authentication required
<!--
You are authenticated as: anonymous
Groups that you are in:
Permission you need to have (but didn't): hudson.model.Hudson.Administer
-->
This means that jenkins has anonymous priviledges which is not allowing any connection.
To solve this issue, you will have to do two changes:
Add Jenkins user to root group: sudo usermod -a -G root jenkins
Make Jenkins listen to all external IPs by editing file /etc/sysconfig/jenkins
and changing the JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0"
Once this is done, restart the jenkins server and then try to install plugins for jenkins.