What method in the String class returns only the first N characters?

Question

I'd like to write an extension method to the String class so that if the input string to is longer than the provided length N, only the first N characters are to be displayed.

Here's how it looks like:

public static string TruncateLongString(this string str, int maxLength)
{
    if (str.Length <= maxLength)
        return str;
    else
        //return the first maxLength characters                
}

What String.*() method can I use to get only the first N characters of str?

Answer 1

public static string TruncateLongString(this string str, int maxLength)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) return str;

    return str.Substring(0, Math.Min(str.Length, maxLength));
}

In C# 8 or later it is also possible to use a Range to make this a bit terser:

public static string TruncateLongString(this string str, int maxLength)
{
    return str?[0..Math.Min(str.Length, maxLength)];
}

Which can be further reduced using an expression body:

public static string TruncateLongString(this string str, int maxLength) =>
    str?[0..Math.Min(str.Length, maxLength)];

Note null-conditional operator (?) is there to handle the case where str is null. This replaces the need for an explict null check.

Answer 2

string truncatedToNLength = new string(s.Take(n).ToArray());  

This solution has a tiny bonus in that if n is greater than s.Length, it still does the right thing.

Answer 3

You can use LINQ str.Take(n) or str.SubString(0, n), where the latter will throw an ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception for n > str.Length.

Mind that the LINQ version returns a IEnumerable<char>, so you'd have to convert the IEnumerable<char> to string: new string(s.Take(n).ToArray()).

Answer 4

Whenever I have to do string manipulations in C#, I miss the good old Left and Right functions from Visual Basic, which are much simpler to use than Substring.

So in most of my C# projects, I create extension methods for them:

public static class StringExtensions
{
    public static string Left(this string str, int length)
    {
        return str.Substring(0, Math.Min(length, str.Length));
    }

    public static string Right(this string str, int length)
    {
        return str.Substring(str.Length - Math.Min(length, str.Length));
    }
}

Note:
The Math.Min part is there because Substring throws an ArgumentOutOfRangeException when the input string's length is smaller than the requested length, as already mentioned in some comments under previous answers.

Usage:

string longString = "Long String";

// returns "Long";
string left1 = longString.Left(4);

// returns "Long String";
string left2 = longString.Left(100);

Answer 5

Simply:

public static String Truncate(String input,int maxLength)
{
   if(input.Length > maxLength)
      return input.Substring(0,maxLength);
   return input;
}

Answer 6

public static string TruncateLongString(this string str, int maxLength)
{
    return str.Length <= maxLength ? str : str.Remove(maxLength);
}

Answer 7

if we are talking about validations also why we have not checked for null string entries. Any specific reasons?

I think below way help since IsNullOrEmpty is a system defined method and ternary operators have cyclomatic complexity = 1 while if() {} else {} has value 2.

    public static string Truncate(string input, int truncLength)
    {
        return (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(input) && input.Length >= truncLength)
                   ? input.Substring(0, truncLength)
                   : input;
    }

Answer 8

With the C# 8

public static string TruncateLongString(this string str, int maxLength)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) return str;

    return str[.. Math.Min(str.Length, maxLength)];
}

Answer 9

I added this in my project just because where I'm using it is a high chance of it being used in loops, in a project hosted online hence I didn't want any crashes if I could manage it. The length fits a column I have. It's C#7

Just a one line:

 public static string SubStringN(this string Message, int Len = 499) => !String.IsNullOrEmpty(Message) ? (Message.Length >= Len ? Message.Substring(0, Len) : Message) : "";

Answer 10

The .NET Substring method is fraught with peril. I developed extension methods that handle a wide variety of scenarios. The nice thing is it preserves the original behavior, but when you add an additional "true" parameter, it then resorts to the extension method to handle the exception, and returns the most logical values, based on the index and length. For example, if length is negative, and counts backward. You can look at the test results with wide variety of values on the fiddle at: https://dotnetfiddle.net/m1mSH9. This will give you a clear idea on how it resolves substrings.

I always add these methods to all my projects, and never have to worry about code breaking, because something changed and the index is invalid. Below is the code.

    public static String Substring(this String val, int startIndex, bool handleIndexException)
    {
        if (!handleIndexException)
        { //handleIndexException is false so call the base method
            return val.Substring(startIndex);
        }
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(val))
        {
            return val;
        }
        return val.Substring(startIndex < 0 ? 0 : startIndex > (val.Length - 1) ? val.Length : startIndex);
    }

    public static String Substring(this String val, int startIndex, int length, bool handleIndexException)
    {
        if (!handleIndexException)
        { //handleIndexException is false so call the base method
            return val.Substring(startIndex, length);
        }
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(val))
        {
            return val;
        }
        int newfrom, newlth, instrlength = val.Length;
        if (length < 0) //length is negative
        {
            newfrom = startIndex + length;
            newlth = -1 * length;
        }
        else //length is positive
        {
            newfrom = startIndex;
            newlth = length;
        }
        if (newfrom + newlth < 0 || newfrom > instrlength - 1)
        {
            return string.Empty;
        }
        if (newfrom < 0)
        {
            newlth = newfrom + newlth;
            newfrom = 0;
        }
        return val.Substring(newfrom, Math.Min(newlth, instrlength - newfrom));
    }

I blogged about this back in May 2010 at: http://jagdale.blogspot.com/2010/05/substring-extension-method-that-does.html

Answer 11

Partially for the sake of summarization (excluding LINQ solution), here's two one-liners that address the int maxLength caveat of allowing negative values and also the case of null string:

1. The Substring way (from Paul Ruane's answer):

public static string Truncate(this string s, uint maxLength) =>
    s?.Substring(0, Math.Min(s.Length, (int)maxLength));

2. The Remove way (from kbrimington's answer):

public static string Truncate(this string s, uint maxLength) =>
    s?.Length > maxLength ? s.Remove((int)maxLength) : s;

Answer 12

string text = "1234567";
var x = text.Substring(0, text.Length>5?6:text.Length);

Answer 13

substring(int startpos, int lenght);

Answer 14

string.Substring(0,n); // 0 - start index and n - number of characters