If we expand (a+b)(a-b) we will get a²-b². Factorization goes the other way: suppose we have an expression that is the difference of two squares, like x²-25 or 49x²-y², then we can factor is using the roots of those squares. For example, x²-25 can be factored as (x+5)(x-5). This is an extremely useful method that is used throughout math.
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