Kaphar takes a violent history and renders it visible in this modified portrait of Andrew Jackson. [See learning resources here.](https://smarthistory.org/seeing-america-2/kaphar-cost-of-removal/) Titus Kaphar, _The Cost of Removal_ , 2017, oil, canvas, and rusted nails on canvas, 274.3 x 213.4 x 3.8 cm, (C) Titus Kaphar (Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art) Speakers: Lauren Haynes, Curato
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